NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 4 CORNERS ON HUMANITIES | Year:2017 | دوره:2 |Papers Count:2

THE LOWLAND IS A NOVEL BY JHUMPA LAHIRI. IN THIS NOVEL, LAHIRI DEPICTS THE TALE OF TWO BROTHERS WHO RAISED IN TOLLYGUNGE IN CALCUTTA. THE NOVEL NARRATES HOW THE DIFFERENT IDEOLOGIES CHANGE THE WAY OF TWO BROTHER’S LIFE. SUBHASH THE ELDER BROTHER IS CAUTIOUS ABOUT FURTHER EDUCATION. HE JUST CONCENTRATES ON HIS DECISIONS TO STUDY IN PH.D. DEGREE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. UDAYAN THE YOUNGER BROTHER IS UNLIKE HIM. HE EMBRACES THE NAXALITE MOVEMENT BECAUSE OF HIS POLITICAL BELIEFS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT TO SUPPORT PEASANTS RIGHTS. UDAYAN DURING HIS POLITICAL ACTIVITIES FALLS IN LOVE WITH A GIRL. GAURI, WHO MEETS UDAYAN THROUGH HER BROTHER. SHE GROWS UP IN A LARGE EXTENDED FAMILY WITH HER RELATIVES, BECAUSE HER PARENTS DIED WHEN SHE WAS SMALL. GAURI INTERESTED IN PHILOSOPHY. SHE ALWAYS HAD A DEBATE WITH UDAYAN IN PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES AND ALSO THE NAXALITE MOVEMENT. AS TIME PASSES THEY DECIDE TO MARRY. SINCE UDAYAN’S MARRIAGE IS AGAINST HIS PARENTS WILLING, HIS PARENTS TREAT GAURI AS A STRANGER. THE SENSE OF STRANGENESS BRINGS SOME CONFLICT FOR HER. REGARDING SIMMEL’S NOTION THIS PAPER BY A COMBINATION OF TWO SIMMEL’S THEORIES TRY TO SHOW HOW THE SIMMELIAN CONFLICT HAS THE TRACES IN THE SENSE OF STRANGENESS ON THE PROTAGONIST. UPON SIMMEL’S VIEW, THE CONFLICT IS AN INSEPARABLE SEGMENT FOR EACH PERSON BECAUSE THE CONFLICT PROVOKES PEOPLE IN HEART OF THE SOCIETY TO COMMUNICATE WITH ANOTHER SOCIAL MEMBER BY CONTROLLING HIS/ HER CONFLICT TO ADAPT WITH OTHERS. REGARDING THIS IDEA, THE STRANGER IS ANOTHER SIMMELIAN CONCEPT WHICH THE SENSE OF THE STRANGENESS CARRIES THE CONFLICT. HE/ SHE BY ACTION AND INTERACTION RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHERS TRY TO COMMUNICATE WITH THEM. IN FACT, THE STRANGER TRIES TO BECOME THE SOCIAL MEMBER, SO HE/ SHE ATTEMPTS TO CONTROL THE CONFLICT. GAURI IS A PERSON WHO CARRIES TWO SIMMELIAN THEORIES. GAURI AS THE STRANGER ARRIVES IN UDAYAN’S PARENTAL HOUSE, BUT THEIR UNRESPECTABLE TREATMENTS BRING SOME CONFLICT TO HER IN THE SENSE OF STRANGENESS. THAT IS WHY AGREES TO SUBHASH’S PROPOSAL AFTER UDAYAN DEATH. AS A RESULT, GAURI, THE LOWLAND’S MAIN CHARACTER CONVEYS THE SIMMELIAN CONFLICT AND THE STRANGER.

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE IS A NOVEL BY J.D. SALINGER. IN THIS NOVEL SALINGER DEPICTS THE TALE OF HOLDEN CAULFIELD A SEVENTEEN-YEAR-OLD TEENAGER. HOLDEN THE NARRATOR AND THE NOVEL’S PROTAGONIST DURING THE THREE DAYS TRIES TO FIND HIS REAL IDENTITY AND THE SAFE PLACE IN A MODERN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMS AT INVESTIGATING THE TRACES OF IRON CAGE WHICH COINED BY MAX WEBER A GERMAN SOCIOLOGIST WHO FOCUSES ON THE NEGATIVE ELEMENTS OF A MODERN WORLD ON HUMAN’S LIFE. TO HIM, THE WORLD IS AN IRON CAGE WHERE NOBODY CAN ESCAPE. TO WEBER THE SYSTEM OF CAPITALISM REMAINS IN EVERY SOCIAL SYSTEM AND BECOME CENTRAL TO SHAPE SOCIAL LIFE, THAT IS WHY MODERN MAN CAN NOT FIND ANY WAY TO ESCAPE, MOREOVER, HE/SHE LOOSES HIS/ HER TRUE IDENTITY IN THIS SYSTEM. WEBER ARGUES THAT THE TECHNOLOGICAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BECOME FUNDAMENTAL FORCES IN THE SOCIETY. HE CLAIMS IF YOU ARE BORN INTO THIS KIND OF SYSTEM, SO YOU CAN NOT CHANGE THE SYSTEM. HOLDEN THE NOVEL MAIN CHARACTER, AS WEBER BELIEVES LIVE IN AN IRON CAGE. HE LIVES IN THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM WHICH IS AROUND HIM. HOLDEN CAN NOT ESCAPE FROM THIS SYSTEM BECAUSE THE SYSTEM SHAPES HIS LIFE, SO HE CAN NOT CHANGE ANYTHING.