CONFERENCE ON WASTE MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER | Year:2012 | دوره:3 |Papers Count:3

INVESTIGATION ON A REACTOR AND ITS PERFORMANCE CAN BE A VALUABLE GUIDANCE PRIOR TO DESIGN PHASE. ADDITIONALLY, THE IMPROVEMENT IN A BIOREACTOR'S PERFORMANCE IS FEASIBE PROVIDED WHAT HAPPENS IN A REACTOR IS THOROUGHLY REALIZED. UNDERSTANDING OF FLUID HYDRODYNAMICS INSIDE THE RECATOR REVEALS ITS CHARACTERISITCS. TIME AND COST ARE MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING INVESTIGATION OF REACTOR'S BEHAVIOR. IN PRESENT WORK, THE BEHAVIOR OF A UASB REACTOR IS INVESTIGATED THROUGH THE USE OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD). THE SIMULATION IS DONE FOR A THREE-PHASE DOMAIN VIZ: SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS. THE HYDRODYNAMICS OBSERVED IN THIS SIMULATION IS USED TO PREDICT THE FLUID FLOW AND REACTION PROGRESS. THE PRODUCED BIOGAS IN THE REACTOR LED TO EXPANSION OF SLUDGE BED AND AFFECTED GAS BUBBLE MOVEMENT IN THE SLUDGE BULK. THE WASTERWATER FLOW PATTERN WAS STUDIED AND IT WAS NOTICED THAT THERE WAS AN INTERRELATION BETWEEN HYDRODYNAMICS PARAMETERS, BIOGAS PRODUCTION, AND COD REDUCTION OF WASTERWATER.

USE OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT IS NOT A NEW IDEA, THEREFORE SINCE 1935 EXPERIENCE HAS BEEN GAINED IN ITS USE TO INCREASES THE COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION OF SOLIDS, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SLUDGE AND FOR REMOVAL OF WATER FROM IT. EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN THAT ACTIVATED CARBON POWDER AS AN ADDITIVE AT THE TIME OF ADDITION OF HYDRAULIC LOAD OF WASTE WATER, RESULTS IN THE COMPRESSION OF SLUDGE AND FACILITATES THE REMOVAL OF WATER FROM IT. IN THESE EXPERIMENTS THE USEFULNESS OF POWERED ACTIVATED CARBON (PAC) IS DETERMINED, BUT DUE TO ECONOMICAL AND THE FACT THAT HIGH DEGREE OF TREATMENT WAS NOT REQUIRED, THIS WAS NOT FULLY ACCEPTED. IN THE PAST USE OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC) WAS MORE POPULAR COMPARED TO ITS POWERED TYPE, AND IT ALSO HAD HIGHER EFFICIENCY. IN THIS ARTICLE, INITIALLY A LITERATURE REVIEW OF WORK DONE ON THE USE OF ACTIVATED CARBON POWDER AND THE TREND OF GROWTH IN ITS USE AND THE MODIFICATIONS MADE DURING LAST FEW YEARS IN THE WORLD AND IRAN AND FINALLY VARIOUS EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED ON ACTIVATED CARBON PILOT UNIT AT ONE OF THE PETRO-CHEMICAL UNITS IN IRAN, IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE USEFULNESS OF THIS MATERIAL IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, TWO TYPE OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVATED CARBON POWDER WERE USED FROM TWO DIFFERENT SUPPLIERS GIVING DIFFERENT RESULTS, THE REASON FOR THESE DIFFERENT RESULTS WAS ALSO ANALYZED AND THIS DIFFERENCE IN RESULT WAS ATTRIBUTED TO DIFFERENT CONSTITUENTS. FOR EVERY EXPERIMENT 4KG OF ACTIVATED CARBON WAS USED IN THE PILOT PLANT COLUMN. THE SAMPLES FOR EXPERIMENT WERE TAKEN FROM THE EXIT STREAM FROM THE CLARIFIER. RESULTS WERE OBTAINED FOR EFFECT OF PARAMETERS SUCH AS INLET VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF WASTE WATER AND ACTIVATED CARBON STRUCTURE ON ITS PERFORMANCE.

THE METABOLISM OFΑ-NAPHTHOL BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER, A COELOMYCETE ISOLATED IN ARDEBIL, IRAN, FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER, WAS STUDIED.ASPERGILLUS NIGER METABOLIZED APPROXIMATELY 80% OFΑ-NAPHTHOL WITHIN 5 DAYS. THE IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF DEGRADATION PRODUCTS USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) DEMONSTRATED THAT APPROXIMATELY 41% OF THE PARENT COMPOUND WAS CONVERTED INTO 1-ETHYL-2-METHYL BENZENE, 7.43% WAS CONVERTED INTO ACETONAPHTHONE, 5.55% WAS TRANSFORMED INTO 4-HYDROXY-1-NAPHTHYL SULFATE, 3% INTO 1, 4-NAPHTHOQUINONE, AND ABOUT 6.68% INTO 2-PHENYL-1, 2, 3-TETRAHYDRO-1-NAPHTHOL. THESE RESULTS SUPPORT A ROLE FORA. NIGER IN AFFECTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL FAT OF POLLUTANTS IN ECOSYSTEMS.