HAMAYESH MELI RAVANSHENASI VA KARBORD AN DAR JAMEH | Year:2008 | دوره:1 |Papers Count:11

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS THE ROLE OF JOB STRESSORS TO PREDICTIVE OF THE ROLE AMBIGUITY AND ROLE CONFLICT IN AZAD UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES OF KERMANSHAH. FOR THIS FIELD, 100 EMPLOYEES (39 WOMEN AND 66 MEN) OF AZAD UNIVERSITY IN KERMANSHAH WERE SELECTED ACCORDING TO CLASSIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING AND COMPLETED THE EMPLOYEES' STRESSORS QUESTIONNAIRE (ABOLGHASEMY AND POOLADIE RAISHAHRY, 1379) AND AMBIGUITY- CONFLICT ROLE SCALE (RIZO, HOUSE & LIRTZMAN, 1970). RESULTS INDICATED THAT THERE IS POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN JOB STRESSORS AND ROLE AMBIGUITY AND ROLE CONFLICT IN MEN AND WOMEN EMPLOYEES.RESULTS OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION SHOWED THAT WORRY ABOUT SELF AND STRESS TO ARISE FROM WORK ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS IN WOMEN AND STRESS TO ARISE FROM WORK ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS IN MEN WERE PREDICTED THE ROLE AMBIGUITY. ALSO, RESULTS OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION SHOWED THAT WORRY ABOUT SELF IN WOMEN AND ARISE FROM WORK ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS ONLY IN MEN WERE PREDICTED THE ROLE CONFLICT.

THIS RESEARCH CONDUCTED TO STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEED TO ACT ON THE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS WITH MENTAL HEALTH AND IDENTITY MAKING IN GIRL AND BOY STUDENTS OF BEHABAHAN AZAD UNIVERSITY. THE TARGET POPULATION WERE ALL OF GIRL AND BOY STUDENT'S OF BEHBAHAN AZAD UNIVERSITY THAT 280 OF THEM WERE SELECTED AS SAMPLES OF RESEARCH BY THE RANDOM STRATIFIED SAMPLING. TO GATHER OF INFORMATION USED FROM 3 QUESTIONNARE: NEED TO ACT ON THE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS (NAVIDI, 1376), MENTAL HEALTH (ASCL-25); AND BENION AND ADAM'S IDENTITY STATES (1986). TO ANALYSIS DATA USED TO STATISTICAL METHOD SUCH AS MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, PEARSON'S COEFFICIENT CORRELATION, T-TEST. RESULTS SHOWED THAT:A. THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEED TO ACT ON THE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND MENTAL HEALTH IN BOYS (R=0/65) AND GIRLS (R=0/58) (P<0/01). B. THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEED TO ACT ON THE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND IDENTITY MAKING IN BOYS (R=0/34) AND GIRLS (R=0/32) (P<0/01). C. THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE NEED TO ACT ON THE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN THE GIRL AND BOY STUDENTS (T=2.21; P<0/05). D. THERE AREN'T ANY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH AND IDENTITY MAKING IN GIRLS AND BOYS. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NEED TO ACT ON THE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS TO AEADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BOYS (R=0/67) AND GIRLS (R=0/72); MENTAL HEALTH AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN GIRLS (R=0/46) AND BOYS (R=0/41); IDENTITY MAKING WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BOYS (R=0/39) AND GIRLS (R=0/25); WERE SIGNIFICANT. SO, OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT MULTIPLE CORRELATION BETWEEN NEED TO ACT ON THE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, MENTAL HEALTH, IDENTITY MAKING TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (P<0/01).

TWO NINE-ITEM SELF-RATING QUESTIONNAIRE SCALES WERE DEVELOPED TO MEASURE, ON THE ONE HAND: FEATURES TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH A HISTORY OF MANIA-LIKE PHENOMENA, AND, ON THE OTHER HAND, FEATURES TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH A HISTORY OF CLINICAL DEPRESSION THESE: SCALES WERE ADDED TO PRODUCE AN 18-ITEM SCALE WHICH, IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED, MIGHT MEASURE DEGREE OF HISTORY OF .MANIC-DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOMENA. RESULTS TENDED TO SUPPORT THIS VIEW: (1) COMPARED WITH STUDENTS, MANIC-DEPRESSIVES OBTAINED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER SCORES ON EACH OF THESE THREE SCALES; (2) ALL SCALES, BUT ESPECIALLY THE MANIC EXPERIENCE SCALE, CORRELATED SIGNIFICANTLY POSITIVELY WITH THE MMPI HYPERMANIA SCALE; AND (3) FOR A SUBSET OF THE MANIC-DEPRESSIVES, A PERSON'S SCORES ON TWO OF THE THREE NEW SCALES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT MANIC-DEPRESSION-RELEVANT MEDICATIONS THAT THAT PERSON WAS TAKING.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TECHNIQUE OF REVISED HABITUATION (SALKOVSKIS & WESTBROOK, 1989) HAS RECEIVED LIMITED ATTENTION IN THE LITERATURE. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A CLINICAL EXAMPLE WHICH DEMONSTRATES BOTH- THE UTILITY AND POWER OF THIS INTERVENTION IN COMPLEX CASES OF OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER.THERE IS NOW GOOD EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXPOSURE AND RESPONSE PREVENTION IN THE TREATMENT OF OBSESSIONAL RUMINATIONS ACCOMPANIED BY COMPULSIVE RITUALS (LIKIERMAN & RACHMAN, 1982; PARKINSON & RACHMAN, 1980; RACHMAN, 1976).HOWEVER, TECHNIQUES ATTEMPTING TO CONTROL RUMINATIONS WHICH ARE NOT ACCOMPANIED BY OVERT NEUTRALIZATION, SUCH AS THOUGHT STOPPING, SHOW ONLY MODERATE SUCCESS (STERN, LIPSEDGE &.MARKS, 1973), POSSIBLY BECAUSE OF THE DIFFICULTY OF ASKING THE PATIENTS TO EVOKE AND MAINTAIN THEIR RUMINATIONS RELIABLY.THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNIQUE OF' REVISED HABITUATION' (SALKOVSKIS & WESTBROOK, 1989) MAY HELP TO OVERCOME THIS DIFFICULTY. USING THIS TECHNIQUE, CLIENTS RECORD THEIR THOUGHTS ONTO A LOOP CASSETTE TAPE (COMMONLY USED IN TELEPHONE ANSWERING MACHINES); BY PLAYING THIS BACK THEY CAN SELF-ADMINISTER A PROGRAMME OF HABITUATION THROUGH EXPOSURE. IN EFFECT THIS CONVERTS COGNITIONS INTO A FORM OF BEHAVIORAL EXPERIENCE, MAKING THEM TRACTABLE TO INTERVENTIONS WHICH ARE KNOWN TO BE EFFECTIVE.

MIS (MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM) RESEARCHERS HAVE LARGELY IGNORED SUCH POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON USER ACCEPTANCE OF NEW IT (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY). USING TWO COGNITIVE THEORIES ON MOOD AND MEMORY, POSITIVE MOOD THEORY AND THE AFFECT INFUSION MODEL, USING OF SOME HYPOTHESES ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTION OF THESE MOOD CONDITIONS ON USER ACCEPTANCE OF NEW IT CAN HELP TO US FOR INVESTIGATING THIS EFFECT. THESE HYPOTHESES CAN INVESTIGATE USING A COMPUTERIZED DECISION MAKING AID. A GROWING BODY OF RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT POSITIVE MOOD ENHANCES COGNITION AND BEHAVIOUR. TWO PROMINENT THEORIES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO EXPLAIN THE EFFECT OF POSITIVE MOOD ON COGNITIVE PROCESSES AND RESULTING BEHAVIOURS: POSITIVE MOOD THEORY AND THE AFFECT INFUSION MODEL (AIM). BASED ON THESE, WE HAVE EXPLORED THE EFFECTS OF POSITIVE MOOD IN THE AREAS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND COGNITION.HOWEVER, THEY HAVE RECEIVED LITTLE ATTENTION IN THE MIS (MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM) LITERATURE. MIS RESEARCH USING AFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTS HAS PRIMARILY FOCUSED ON AFFECTIVE REACTIONS TOWARD THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY AND NOT THE AFFECTIVE STATE OF USERS WHEN THEY ARE INTRODUCED TO IT. I INVESTIGATE THE FEELING STATE OF USERS AT THE TIME THEY FIRST USE A NEW IT, RATHER THAN THEIR FEELINGS TOWARD USING IT. THUS MY STUDY SURVEY POSITIVE MOOD – AN AFFECTIVE CONSTRUCT THAT HAS BEEN SHOWN TO HAVE A SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON BEHAVIOUR. THE RESULTS ARE CONSISTENT WITH POSITIVE MOOD THEORY IT IS IMPORTANT TO EXPLAIN HOW THE TERM MOOD IS USED IN MY PAPER.ALTHOUGH MOOD CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE A TRAIT.

THE AIM OF PRESENT RESEARCH WAS TO COMPARE THE EFFECTS OF THE COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES AND COOPERATIVE LEARNING ON SELECTED FACTORS OF PHYSICAL AND MOTOR FITNESS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN. FOR THIS REASON 48 STUDENTS AGED BETWEEN 12– 14 YEARS WERE SELECTED AND RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO TWO EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS.AFTER DETERMINING THE BASE LINE MEASURES FOR SOME FACTORS SUCH AS BALANCE, AGILITY, FLEXIBILITY, SIT-UP AND 450-M RUNNING TESTS, THE SUBJECTS TRAINED FOR 8 SESSION AND MEASUREMENTS WERE REPEATED (POST-TEST). DATA WERE ANALYZED USING INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT T-TEST AND THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE WAS SET AT P<0.01. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD IN INHOMOGENEOUS, REGULAR, AND SMALL (IN TERMS OF SKILL AND ABILITY LEVEL) GROUPS IS SIGNIFICANTLY MORE EFFECTIVE THAN THE COMPETITIVE METHOD IN REGARDS TO IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL AND MOTOR FITNESS. BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF THE PRESENT STUDY, IT COULD BE SUGGESTED THAT FOR ENHANCING PHYSICAL AND MOTOR FITNESS, AND TAKING THE ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING, SCHOOL TEACHERS COULD USE THIS METHOD FOR TEACHING PHYSICAL EDUCATION.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE “RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFECTIONISM AND COPING STRATEGIES WITH ACADEMIC MOTIVATION IN STUDENTS WITH HIGH ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. THE SAMPLE WAS COMPRISED OF 175 (138, FEMALE AND 37 MALE) STUDENTS WITH HIGH ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. THEREFORE, FOR CHOOSING STUDENTS WITH HIGH ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, THE ACQUIRED AVERAGES OF STUDENTS WAS CONVERTED TO (Z) SCORE AND THE STUDENTS WITH 1 STANDARD DEVIATION HIGHER THAN THE CALCULATED AVERAGE WERE SELECTED AS SAMPLE. WHO COMPLETED THE FOLLOWING MEASURES: MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERFECTIONISM SCALE (HEWITT AND FLETT, 1991), COPING STRATEGIES (ENDLER & PARKER, 1990) AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION SCALE (VALLERAND, 1989). DATA WAS ANALYZED USING PIERSON CORRELATION AND STEP WISE REGRESSION ANALYSIES. RESULTS SHOWED THAT, THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN "OTHER-ORIENTED PERFECTIONISM" WITH "EXTERNA' L AND ' INTERNAL' MOTIVATION"., ALSO THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN "EMOTIONAL" AND "AVOIDANCE COPING" WITH "EXTERNAL MOTIVATION" AND THERE IS A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN "PROBLEM-FOCUSED STRATEGIES" WITH "INTRINSIC MOTIVATIONN" AND NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH "AMOTIVATION". FINALLY, THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF AND "OTHER-ORIENTED PERFECTIONISM" WITH "EMOTIONAL COPING STRATEGIES."THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS FOR EDUCATION AND WELL-BIENG OF STUDENTS IS DISCUSSED.

THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO COMPARE MOTIVATIONAL BELIEFS AND SELF- REGULATION IN LEARNING OF MATH AND FARSI AMONG GROUPS TWO OF STUDENTS IN NORMAL AND GIFTED STUDENT IN SHIRAZ JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS. THE SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY WAS INCLUDED 30 BOYS AND 30 GIRLS GIFTED STUDENTS AND 30 BOYS AND 30 GIRLS NORMAL STUDENTS WHO WERE CULTURALLY SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY SIMILAR TO STUDENTS OF GIFTED SCHOOLS. THE MEASURE TOOL WAS MSLQ SELF-REPORT QUESTIONNAIRE (PINT RICH AND GROOTE 1990) WITH ACCEPTABLE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY.TWO WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SHOWED THAT GIRLS HAD A BETTER SELF-EEICACY (P<0/0001), INTRINSIC VALUE (P<0/0001) IN FARSI AND INTRINSIC VALUE (P<0/0001) AND COGNITION STRATEGIES IN MATH. THE RESULT INDICATE THAT BOYS MOTIVATIONAL BELIEFS IN FARSI AND INTRINSIC-VALUE IN MATH SHOULD BE IMPROVED AND FURTHERMORE COGNITION STRATEGIES SHOULD BE TAUGHT.THE SUPERIORITY OF GIFTED STUDENTS IN MATH SELF-EFFICACY (P<0/0001), FARSI SELF-EFFICACY (P<0/0001), FARSI SELF-EFFICACY (P<0/0001), MATH INTRINSIC VALUE (P<0/0001), FARSI INTRINSIC VALUE (P<0/022) LOW ANXIETY IN MATH (P<0/001) AND ALSO SUPERIORITY IN FARSI (P<0/002) IS RELATED TO STRONG MOTIVATIONAL BELIEFS AMONG THESE STUDENTS, WHICH LEADS THEM TO BETTER ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS. THE SUPERIORITY OF NORMAL STUDENTS IN SELF-REGULATION STRATEGIES IN FARSI (0/002) AND MATH (P<0/036) AND LACK OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS IN COGNITION STRATEGIES INDICATE THAT THE STUDENTS IN GIFTED SCHOOLS ARE NOT NECESSARILY GIFTED AND THEIR SUPERIORITY DOESN’T MERELY LIE IN STRONGER COGNITION AND SELF- REGULATION STRATEGIES BUT MOSTLY RELATED TO STRONGER MOTIVATIONAL BELIEFS.THE RESULT IMPLIED NO SIGNIFICANT INTERACTION BETWEEN SEX AND INTELLIGENCE IN MOTIVATIONAL BELIEFS IN FARSI AND COGNITION STRATEGIES AND INTRINSIC VALUE IN MATH. BUT INTERACTION OF SEX AND INTELLIGENCE IN SELF-EFFICACY (P<0/036), ANXIETY (P<0/0001) AND SELF-REGULATION STRATEGIES IN MATH INDICATES THAT THESE VARIABLES ARE INFLUENCES SIMULTANEOUSLY BY INTELLIGENCE AND SEX.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFECTIONISM IN SPORT WITH COGNITIVE AND SOMATIC ANXIETY IN TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL ATHLETES. FOR THIS FIELDS, 400 TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL ATHLETES THAT WERE SELECTED ACCORDING TO STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING AND COMPLETED THE SPORT MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERFECTIONISM (DUNN ET AL , 2005) AND COMPETITIVE ANXIETY (MARTENS ET AL, 1990) (ITEMS OF TWO SUB-SCALES OF THIS SCALE: COGNITIVE AND SOMATIC STATE ANXIETY) SCALES. RESULTS OF PIERSON CORRELATION WAS INDICATED THAT WAS POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN PERSONAL STANDARDS, CONCERN OVER MISTAKES, PERCEIVED COACH PRESSURE AND PERFECTIONISM WITH COGNITIVE AND SOMATIC ANXIETY IN TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL ATHLETES. BUT WAS NOT CORRELATION BETWEEN PERCEIVED PARENTAL PRESSURE WITH COGNITIVE AND SOMATIC ANXIETY IN TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL ATHLETES. RESULTS OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION BY ENTER METHOD SHOWED THAT THE MOST POWERFUL VARIABLES FOR PREDICTIVE OF COMPETITIVE ANXIETY IN TEAM ATHLETES ORDERLY WERE PERCEIVED COACH PRESSURE AND CONCERN OVER MISTAKES AND THE MOST POWERFUL VARIABLES FOR PREDICTIVE OF COMPETITIVE ANXIETY IN INDIVIDUAL ATHLETES ORDERLY WERE PERSONAL STANDARDS, PERCEIVED COACH PRESSURE AND CONCERN OVER MISTAKES (P<0.05).

IN THIS RESEARCH, EFFECT OF GESTALT GROUP REMEDY ON INCREASING HOPE IN LIFE IN RETIRED WOMEN IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING DEPARTMENT OF BEHBAHAN CITY HAVE BEEN ANALYZED. STATISTICAL SOCIETY OF THIS RESEARCH ARE RETIRED WOMEN OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT IN BEHBAHAN CITY WHICH ARE PRESENTLY MEMBERS OF RETIRED CLUB AND THE SAMPLE CONSISTS OF 60 PEOPLE OF THIS GROUP WHICH HAVE BEEN CHOSEN ACCORDING TO FACE ACCIDENTAL AND THEY ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS OF TEST AND WITNESS. THE TOOLS USED IN THIS RESEARCH ARE QUESTIONNAIRE OF MILLER HOPE IN LIFE. MODEL OF RESEARCH ARE PRE TEST, PAST TEST AND WITNESS GROUP. AFTER PERFORMANCE HOPE IN LIFE MILLER QUESTIONNAIRE, MEMBERS, AND GRADE THEY THE PEOPLE GRADE THEY ONE DIVERSION CRITERION BENEATH THAN AVERAGE WERE PICKED AND NEXT TO FACE ACCIDENTAL TO TWO GROUP TEST AND EVIDENCE DIVISION REVOLVED. THEN THE GESTALT GROUP REMEDY TEST IS EXECUTED ON TEST GROUP IN 12 SESSIONS AND AT THE END OF THIS TEST, POST GROUP TEST IS EXECUTED ON BOTH GROUPS. TO ANALYZE THE RESULT, PERCEPTIVE STATISTICS SUCH AS (INDEPENDENT. T) HAVE BEEN USED. THE RESULTS OBTAINED SHOW THAT GESTELT GROUP REMEDY CAUSES INCREASE IN HOPE IN LIFE AMONG RETIRED WOMEN OF TEST GROUP COMPARE TO WITNESS GROUP AND IT IS MEANING FULL A=0.05.

THE MAIN AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO COMPARISON OF EMOTIONAL MATURITY INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORTS ATHLETE STUDENTS OF ILAM UNIVERSITY. TO ACHIEVE TO THIS AIMS 100 ATHLETE STUDENTS (50 INDIVIDUAL ATHLETES AND 50 TEAM ATHLETES) OF ILAM UNIVERSITY IN 2007 YEAR, WERE CONSIDERED AS SUBJECTS.FOR COLLECT THE INFORMATION, USED FROM EMOTIONAL MATURITY SCALE (EMS) (SINGH, & BHARGAVA), TO MEASURE THE LEVEL OF ATHLETES EMOTIONAL MATURITY. THIS QUESTIONNAIRE INCLUDES 48 QUESTIONS. FOR ANALYZE GATHERING DATA WAS USED FROM DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS AND PRESUMPTIVE STATISTICS.THE RESULTS WERE INDICATED THAT THE TEAM SPORTS ATHLETES ARE HAVING MORE STABILITY IN EMOTIONAL MATURITY THAN INDIVIDUAL SPORTS ATHLETES; HOWEVER THIS DIFFERENCE IS NOT MEANINGFUL.