INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED RESEARCH IN BASIC SCIENCES, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY | Year:2023 | دوره:8 |Papers Count:4

Despite the growing literature on sustainability assessment in the urban context, the resulting approaches and methods use several different theoretical frameworks and lack a unified perspective and operational practices. Countless tools and instruments have been created for specific purposes and relatively limited purposes. Strangely, these tools and instruments are unable to track and assess sustainability in vernacular forms and traditional built environments, even though environments such as these clearly have principles of sustainability in addition to aesthetic values and spatial attributes. This paper examines the theoretical background underlying current sustainability assessment methods in the urban context to identify their general limitations and specific application to indigenous and traditional built environments. Also, this paper discusses some cultural and spatial characteristics of the traditional form to identify its embedded sustainable strategies and functions. The paper concludes with a general conceptual framework for developing general principles of sustainability for traditional built forms in response to their natural and cultural contexts. This qualitative study of secondary schools in England included interviews with stakeholders and student focus groups in twelve schools in Greater London and the Thames Valley region (Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxford shire), where 142 people including teachers, students, parents, governors and school staff (leadership, facilities, finance) participated in the research. The literature review of the concepts of sustainability assessment in the urban context and the sustainable principles embedded in the native and traditional format is followed by the thematic analysis of its limitations, which is fed from a new framework based on principles to this conceptualization. A total of 10 principles of sustainability have been proposed to evaluate sustainability in traditional built environments, taking into account the diversity of the site and the specific context of the site.

This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of carcinogenicity of nickel in vegetables grown in soils treated with different levels of sewage sludge in greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included 5 levels of sewage sludge (0, 1/5, 3, 4, 5 and 6%) and eight types of leafy vegetables (Spinach, Scallion, Radish, Garden cress, Basil, Pearl, Coriander and Savory). The results showed that with increasing levels of sewage sludge, the average daily intake of nickel (ADD) and carcinogenic index increased in both age groups of children and adults (P≤, 0. 0001). So that in treatment of 6% sewage sludge relative to control treatment, for children and adults, 67. 4% and 65. 9% of the increase in carcinogenicity index were calculated respectively. For both age groups, the highest and the lowest index of carcinogenicity of nickel was observed in Garden cress and Pearl, respectively. In general, there was a risk of cancer in both age groups, and children with an average carcinogenic index (CR) of 0. 886, more than tripled, were at increased risk.

The importance of protein and carbohydrate intake for endurance athletes has been shown. The most important healthy protein and carbohydrate supplements are egg white and wheat germ. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intense endurance training with supplementation of egg white and wheat germ powder on cardiopulmonary function of endurance runners. Twenty four runners were randomly divided into exercise+supplement (ES) and exercise (E) group (n=12 in each group) (age: 18-30 years, MBI ≤,25 kg/m2). Before and after training and supplementation, Echocardiographic and Spirometry characteristic were obtained. The results showed that supplementation of egg white and wheat germ powder have no effects on the indexes of PEF, FVC, stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) (p > 0. 05), but only a significant different was observed in the FEV1 index. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the supplementation of egg white and wheat germ powder has no beneficial effects on cardiopulmonary function of endurance runners.

Renewable energy resources such as wind and solar have been attracting much attention as green resources of energy in recent decades. This is due not only to the decrease in fossil fuel consumption but also to alleviate environmental pollution and global warming problems. The aim of this research is the economic-environmental evaluation of using green energy resources instead of operating fossil fuels-based generators. In this regard, a standalone hybrid system (solar panels/wind turbines/diesel generators/batteries) are used to supply the demand of 760 consumers. The 9-bus IEEE network consists of 10 load points with maximum demand 960 MW and 5 transmission lines is considered and grey wolf algorithm is used to determine the optimal size of the green resources. In this paper, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, 4 different scenarios have been designed. According to the obtained results, for every 10000 kg/yr reduction in CO2 emissions, $12, 000 is added to the cost of supplying the required demand.