INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON JURISPRUDENCE, LAW AND RELIGIOUS RESEARCH | Year:2024 | دوره:8 |Papers Count:3

The freedom of the parties in this field is extensive, to the extent that their choice is not subject to the constraints of the fundamental principles of governance. Instead, their will must be respected. In case of silence of the parties, it is the arbitrator who decides based on suitable conflict resolution rules. Suitable conflict resolution rules do not necessarily mean that the arbitrator must refer to Iran's rules to determine the governing law. It implies that the arbitrator should have discretion in choosing suitable conflict resolution rules, a prevalent tendency in international commercial arbitration. This research utilizes a descriptive-analytical method, concluding that Iran's legislator, considering the mentioned factors and for the development of Iran's commerce and economy, has enacted the International Commercial Arbitration Law. The methods for determining the governing law like the dispute by arbitrators include various types such as the law of the contracting party's government, the law of the seat of arbitration, the arbitrator's freedom in applying the most suitable legal conflict resolution system, consolidation of conflict resolution systems, application of general conflict of laws principles, direct choice of substantive law, and application of formal commercial law principles, including general legal principles or international commercial customs and usages, or general international law, which will be discussed in this article.

The doctrines of Maad and Purgatory are two prominent concepts in Islamic and Christian traditions that describe the fate of the soul after death. Both doctrines share some similarities, such as the belief in the immortality of the soul, the accountability of deeds, and the possibility of intercession. However, they also differ in some aspects, such as the duration, nature, and purpose of the intermediate state. This article explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the believability of Maad and Purgatory, and discusses the ethical and social implications of using AI to create or enhance the believability of these doctrines. AI is the branch of computer science that aims to create machines or systems that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, decision making, and communication. AI can be used to generate text, images, audio, and video that mimic human style and content, using techniques such as natural language processing, computer vision, speech synthesis, and deep learning. AI can also be used to analyze and manipulate human emotions, preferences, and behaviors, using techniques such as sentiment analysis, recommender systems, social engineering, and nudging. The article argues that AI can have both positive and negative effects on the believability of Maad and Purgatory, depending on how it is used, regulated, and evaluated. AI can potentially enhance the faith, morality, and psychology of the believers and non-believers of Maad and Purgatory, by providing them with more evidence, guidance, and motivation. However, AI can also pose some risks and challenges to the believability of Maad and Purgatory, by creating false, misleading, or biased content, by exploiting or influencing human emotions, preferences, and behaviors, and by violating the values and principles of Maad and Purgatory. The article concludes by providing some limitations and directions for future research, and some implications and recommendations for policy and practice.

The following article has been grounded on the assumption that in the Shi'a leadership, the concept of the civil society is one of the key elements of the Shi'a government which has been insisted upon by the Shi'a leaders. In fact, in this paper our goal is to investigate the meaning of a civil society from the Ancient Greek to the post modern era and extract the concept of a civil society and compare it to the Shi'a ideal government. While the civil society was not an acceptable theory by any of the sovereigns, the Shi'a leadership was defending this notion. Even though, this theory has faced many disputes in the definition of humanity with the traditional western philosophy, the principles are the same. Considering that after the Islamic revolution and especially during the period of 2nd of Khordad, the approach to this matter became more liberal than before, a necessity was perceived to investigate the concept of the civil society with the religious approach. Hence, the definition of the ideal type Of Webber has been employed to realise the commonalities of both of the approaches. In this article, it has been concluded that the commonalities of the civil society, which is also confirmed by human reason, existed in the life and the schooling of the Shi'a leaders and if not all, but many of these can be traced.