IRANIAN CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY | Year:2010 | دوره:4 |Papers Count:7

CONSIDERING THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY IN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INCREASE IN THE WELFARE OF THE COUNTRIES, THE ISSUE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY MONITORING HAS GAINED GREAT IMPORTANCE IN RECENT YEARS. SO FAR, VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL MODELS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED AND INTRODUCED IN RELATION TO TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY EVALUATION. REGARDING THE INNATE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE INDEXES WHICH INVOLVE SOME DEFICIENCIES; USING THE EXPERIENCES OF INTERNATIONALLY ACCREDITED MODELS, IT IS TRIED IN THIS STUDY TO INTRODUCE A NEW COMPOSITE INDEX FOR TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY MONITORING IN ORDER TO BETTER EVALUATE THE TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES OF COUNTRIES FROM VARIOUS ASPECTS. ALSO, IT IS TRIED THROUGH PROVISION OF THE LOGICAL WEIGHTS RESULTING FROM THE APPLICATION OF FACTOR ANALYSIS TO DESIGN A MORE PRACTICAL INDEX FOR VARIOUS COUNTRIES, PARTICULARLY, THOSE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUFFERING FROM IMBALANCED DEVELOPMENT. IN THIS STUDY, 17 INDICATORS WERE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF A SPECIFIC PROCESS FROM AMONG 37 INTERNATIONALLY IMPORTANT INDICATORS REGARDING TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY. THEN, ON THE BASIS OF FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE AVAILABLE DATA IN RELATION TO THE SELECTED INDICATORS, THE 17 INDICATORS WERE PLACED IN 3 ASPECTS, AND SPECIFIC WEIGHTS WERE ASSIGNED TO THE ASPECTS AND INDICATORS BY FACTOR ANALYSIS. FINALLY, BASED ON THE COMBINATION OF 17 INDICATORS IN 3 ASPECTS, THE COMPOSITE INDEX OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY MONITORING WAS CREATED. ON THE WHOLE, THE COMPOSITE INDEX OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY MONITORING, ADDS NEW CAPABILITIES BESIDES OTHER INTERNATIONAL INDEXES TO THE ISSUE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY MONITORING.

ENERGY SHORTAGE IN THE WORLD HAS FORCED GOVERNMENTS TO FIND NEW SUSTAINABLE ENERGY RESOURCES SUCH AS HYDROGEN WHICH IS CONSUMED AS FUEL IN FUEL CELL. IRAN HAS SOME EXPERIENCES ON NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES BUT IT HAS NOT BEING EXPERIENCED IN FUEL CELL AS AN ENERGY CONVERTER FOR A LONG TIME. RECENTLY, SOME POLICIES HAVE BEEN MADE ON THIS TECHNOLOGY AND SOME PROGRESSES ARE OBSERVED, BUT THERE IS NOT ANY EXACT INFORMATION ABOUT THE TECHNOLOGY LEVEL OF FUEL CELL IN IRAN. IN THIS PAPER, TECHNOLOGY LEVEL OF ‘FUEL CELL’ HAS BEEN MEASURED IN IRAN BY TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY MODEL. REQUIRED INFORMATION HAS BEEN GATHERED THROUGH QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD. THE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS DESIGNED ACCORDING TO THE DIMENSIONS O F TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY MODEL WHICH INCLUDES PROXIMITY TO THE TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIER, DEPTH OF DEVELOPMENT, SOPHISTICATION OF USE, PERVASIVENESS AND INDIGENIZATION THAT WAS FILLED OUT BY EXPERTS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCES IN THIS FIELD. THE RESULT OF THE STUDY INDICATES MEDIUM TECHNOLOGY LEVEL (49.7%) OF FUEL CELL IN IRAN. THE DIMENSIONS OF PERVASIVENESS PROXIMITY TO THE TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIER ARE WEAKER THAN OTHERS, SO THIS INNOVATIONAL PRODUCT IS NOT IN AN INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS LEVEL, BUT IN COMPARISON WITH MOST DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INDICATORS SHOW AN IMPROVING CONDITION.

THE AIM OF THIS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ARTICLE IS PROCESS ASSESSMENT OF SAMAND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY THAT HAD BEEN TRANSFERED TO SYRIA AND PRESENTING A MODEL THAT CAN BE APPLICABLE FOR IMPROVING THE TRANSFER QUALITY IN THE FUTURE PROJECTS. FOR THIS PURPOSE DIFFERENT SELECTION METHODS FOR CHOOSING THE BEST MODEL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN THE OPTIMUM POINT, HAS BEEN STUDIED. THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT FACTORS IN THESE MODELS THAT CAN INFLUENCE ONE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROCESS. IN THE PERESENTED ARTICLE, IT HAS BEEN TRYING TO CHOOSE THE FACTORS THAT HAVE MORE AFFECTION ON THE PRESENT PROCESS. IN THE FINAL MODEL IRAN KHODRO COMPANY HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS A SOURCE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SYAMCO AS THE RECIPIENT. THIS MODEL INCLUDES SIX SEPARATE GROUPS OF THE FACTORS THAT CAN INFLUENCE A PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER COMPLETELY. CLASSIFIED AS FOLLOWING: CRITERIA RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT, CRITERIA RELATED TO THE NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY, CRITERIA RELATED TO COOPERATION PROCESS, CRITERIA RELATED TO THE RECIPIENT, CRITERIA RELATED TO THE SOURCE OF TECHNOLOGY, CRITERIA RELATED TO THE MARKET. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROJECT SAMAND PRODUCTION TO SYRIA BY USING THIS MODEL HAS BEEN EVALUATED.THE RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION SHOW THAT ENVIRONMENT HAS A HIGH RISK OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND THE RECIPIENT DOESN’T HAVE SUITABLE AND NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR ATTRACTING AND UTILIZATION OF THIS TECHNOLOGY. THE GOOD COOPERATION PROCESS HAS BEEN DEFINED BUT LONG TIME AND HIGH COSTS FOR ITS PERFORMANCE HAS BEEN SPENT. SOURCE CHOOSES A PROPER STRATEGY TO TRANSFER OF THESE TECHNOLOGY OF COURSE WITHOUT A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF THE GOAL MARKET. TO THE WHOLE PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING, EVALUATION POINT IS BETWEEN THE AVERAGES UP TO GOOD. THE EXPERIENCE OF THIS PROJECT CAN BE IRAN KHODRO COMPANY IN SIMILAR PROJECTS.

CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGIES, BASED ON THEIR RELEVANT APPLICATIONS, HAVE INTRODUCED NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO HUMAN BEING. A TECHNOLOGY WITHOUT A USEFUL APPLICATION WOULD BE ONLY LEFT AS AN ABSTRACT CURIOSITY AND WOULD NEVER BECOME KNOWN BY ALL PEOPLE BUT ONLY SOME INTERESTED RESEARCHERS. ON THE CONTRARY, BY INTRODUCING APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS, THE TECHNOLOGY WOULD BECOME VALUABLE IN TERMS OF COMMERCIAL OR RELEVANT FIELDS. THE PIONEERS OF CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGIES ENCOUNTER A PLETHORA OF CHOICES WHEN COMMENCING A NEW BUSINESS. PRODUCING AND SELLING A PARTICULAR NEW-TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCT ARE NOT ESSENTIAL IN SETTING UP A NEW BUSINESS. AS A MATTER OF FACT, SUPPLEMENTING PRODUCTS, SERVICES AND ACCESSORIES ARE OF HIGH IMPORTANCE IN REACHING THE MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY AND REVENUE. REVOLUTIONARY TECHNOLOGIES WITH CONSIDERABLE POTENTIALS FOR A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS PROVIDE SUBSTANTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTORS WHICH ARE NOT NECESSARILY CONSTRAINED TO THAT SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY BUT RELATED TO THE CONSUMPTION OR SUPPORTING RELEVANT APPLICATIONS. THE WIDE RANGE OF SUCH APPLICATIONS AND THE RELEVANT SUPPORTING FIELDS AND CONSEQUENTLY THE BUSINESS AND JOB OPPORTUNITIES ORIGINATED FROM THEM, ARE DEEMED TO UNLIMITED AND COULD NEVER BE STOPPED BY ANYTHING. IN THIS STUDY, THE NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND NEW BUSINESS FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES WOULD BE DISCUSSED.

IN ORDER TO EXPLAIN RESEARCH PLANS FOR LONG TERM PROGRAM OF ENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS, THERE IS A NEED FOR DOCUMENTING TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY OF CENTER TO HELP DECISION MAKERS TO DECIDE EFFECTIVELY. THE FIRST STEP IN DEFINING TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY AND POLICY OF AN INSTITUTION IS IDENTIFYING THE TECHNOLOGY DISCIPLINES RELATED TO THE INSTITUTION ACTIVITIES. THEREFORE, TECHNOLOGY MAPPING IS USED AS A TOOL TO IDENTIFY ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMATICALLY AND COMPREHENSIVELY. THE FIELD OF ENERGY IS BROAD AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY, IN ADDITION IT IS ONE OF THE MAIN DIVISIONS IN IRAN`S MASTER PLAN FOR 1404 AS FIRST UPHANDED DOCUMENT SO TECHNOLOGY MAPPING IS USED AS PREFERABLE METHOD FOR TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION. AT THE BEGINNING VIA STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, MISSIONS AND PROBABLE FIELDS OF ACTIVITIES WERE SPECIFIED. AFTER THAT, BY STUDYING DIFFERENT RESOURCES SUCH AS ENERGY MANAGEMENT REFERENCE BOOKS, REPORT AND ROADMAPS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS, TECHNOLOGY POLICY OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, NATIONAL UPSTREAM DOCUMENTS OF ENERGY FIELD, TECHNOLOGY PLANS OF SIMILAR INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, CONSIDERING THE EXPERT IDEAS AND UTILIZING TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AND THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES, TECHNOLOGY MAPPING OF THE FIELDS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR FOSSIL AND CLEAN ENERGY WAS ACHIEVED IN SHAPE OF TECHNOLOGY TREE. ACCORDING TO CAPITAL APPROACH USED IN THIS PROJECT, THE OBTAINED TECHNOLOGY TREE CAN BE USED AS A BASIS FOR DECISION MAKING AND INNOVATING OF MANAGERS AND TOP EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY IN ORDER TO DEFINE RESEARCH PROJECTS AND UTILIZING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES TO RESOLVE ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES IN IRAN.

TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR CHALLENGES FACING HIGH-TECH BUSINESSES. THIS ARTICLE INVESTIGATES MAJOR NATIONAL CHALLENGES FACING IRANIAN NANOTECH COMPANIES FOR COMMERCIALIZING RESULTS OF THEIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES. CHALLENGES ARE EXTRACTED USING DELPHI METHOD AND REFERRING TO EXPERTS IN THE FIELD. THEY INCLUDE (1) LACK OF BUSINESS EXPERTISE IN THE FIELD OF HIGH-TECH BUSINESS, (2) LACK OF NATIONAL FOCUS ON COMMERCIALIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY, (3) IMPROPER INFRASTRUCTURE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH FIRMS E.G. OBTAINING REQUIRED LICENSES, STANDARDS, AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, (4) UNSTABLE LAWS AND SUPPORTIVE POLICIES, AND (5) INADEQUATE TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT FROM UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH CENTERS. RESULT OF THE ARTICLE ENHANCES NANOTECH COMPANY MANAGERS’ AWARENESS ABOUT CHALLENGES AND PROVIDES POLICYMAKERS AND STAKEHOLDERS WITH A PROPER INSIGHT TO THE ENVIRONMENT OF HIGH-TECH BUSINESSES IN IRAN.

THIS ARTICLE TRIES TO EXPLAIN SOME SIMILAR FACTORS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME SUCCESSFUL COUNTRIES OF SOUTH EASTERN ASIA (CHINA, MALAYSIA AND SOUTH KOREA) ALONG IN VARIOUS DEVELOPMENT WAYS OF THEM AND ALSO TO COMPARE THESE CHARACTERISTICS WITH DIFFERENT PERIODS OF IRAN’S DEVELOPMENT WAY WITH THE AIM OF PRESENTING SOME LESSONS TO POLICY MAKERS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. THE PAPER EXPLORES HOW THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, INDUSTRIAL AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIRECTIONS OF THESE COUNTRIES AND THEIR RECIPROCAL RELATIONS CAN INFLUENCE THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. EVIDENCE COMES FROM THE EXPERIENCES OF THESE COUNTRIES IN ADDITION TO IRAN. THE PAPER PRESENTS CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS BASED UPON COMPARING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF IRAN’S DEVELOPMENT WITH THESE THREE TARGET COUNTRIES ALONG VARIOUS DEVELOPMENT PERIODS OF EACH OF THEM.