MAKING SHADOW IN OPEN AREA

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TAHBAZ M.

مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA Year:2007 | Volume:- | Issue:31 Page(s): 27-38

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Information Journal Paper

Title

MAKING SHADOW IN OPEN AREA

Author(s)

TAHBAZ M. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

THERMAL COMFORT IN OPEN AREAQ3

SOLAR ENERGYQ3

CLIMATIC NEEDS CALENDARQ3

SHADING MASKQ3

SKY VAULTQ3

SUN-PATH CHARTQ3

SHADOW ANGLE PROTRACTORQ3

Abstract

Using the SHADING MASK of Olgyay, this article will introduce a method that will help architects to determine shade need periods according to climatic considerations in open areas. In this regard it shows how it is possible to design sunshade for hot periods and to evaluate its efficiency in a pattern year. Clear sky and high intensity of SOLAR ENERGY are among key specifications of hot climates. Shading of open areas and passages is a very effective way of cooling the environment and reducing the temperature in such conditions. For 2/3 to 3/4 of a year, shading is necessary in hot climates, which is the reason of the innovation of notable samples of vernacular umbrageous architecture.To continue this culture and to create new umbrageous architecture, these questions are propounded: 1. How is it possible to distinguish shade need periods during a year in a specific climate? 2. How is it possible to provide shade in hot periods without being deprived of pleasant sunshine in cold periods? This article discusses the importance of making appropriate shadows and explained the way of using SHADING MASK method of Olgyay in six steps. Step 1 is for taking the climatic data and analysing it by using appropriate thermal comfort standards to draw the CLIMATIC NEEDS CALENDAR of the region. Penwarden standard is an appropriate standard proposed for this step. It considers human thermal comfort in open spaces by paying attention to climatic elements and human factors simultaneously. Step 2 is for determining the important climatic periods according to use open spaces for some activities. Drawling thermal comfort boundaries on "climatic needs calendar" show the needs for using open areas in different periods of a year. The important periods will be distinguished as: sunshine or sunshade need periods, inadequate sunshine or sunshade periods, very cold critical conditions in winter and very hot conditions in summer. Step 3 is for converting this information on the SUN-PATH CHART of the region. Sky dome concept is a simple graphical method that is used for this target. Step 4 is for overlapping the SHADOW ANGLE PROTRACTOR on SUN-PATH CHART to determine the shade need period and draw the SHADING MASK pattern.Step 5 is for designing the sunshade pattern according to SHADING MASK pattern. Sunshade pattern shows only the dimensions of the area that must be shaded by using opaque matters. It is not the main sunshade design. Step 6 is for designing different alternatives of sunshades according to several elements such as aesthetic, material, strength, construction, economy, maintenance and other climatic elements such as wind speed, precipitation, freezing, chill factor and so on. Analysing benefits and wick point of these sunshades, the optimum choice will be selected for constructing. At the end the advantages of Olgyay's SHADING MASK method are discussed as the ability to control sunshine and sunshade in a period of a year. These advantages will be motioned as: a) the ability to design several alternative shades using the same SHADING MASK and sunshade pattern, b) simplicity of this method because of its base on geometrical knowledge, c) the ability of generalization the results to CLIMATIC NEEDS CALENDAR and evaluate the sunshade efficiency according to other climatic phenomenon.

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