Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:26 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:11

Background and Aim: Chemotherapy is a common method of cancer treatment and includes a complication. Since each organ of the body has a corresponding reflection region on the metatarsus and massage these points using unique techniques increases the blood flow of the organs associated with each point in the metatarsus, Foot massage is important to reduce the pain and stress of these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foot reflexology massage therapy on the stress and neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapy in women with breast cancer and the genital was done. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 60 women with breast or genital cancer in Iranmehr Hospital of Birjand in 2018 that were selected by gradual and available sampling method. They were divided into two groups: reflexology (30 patients) and control group (30 persons). Massage therapy was performed twice a day for 2 weeks (5 minutes in the morning and 5 minutes in the evening) each day. Cohen and colleagues (1983) perceived stress questionnaire and the evaluation of signs and symptoms of Leeds neuropathic pain before and after the intervention were completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using ttest, paired t-test and covariance analysis. Results: The mean score of stress after intervention in the experimental group (19. 16± 0. 64) was significantly lower than control group (29. 14± 0. 64)(p<0. 001). The mean of neuropathic pain score after intervention in the experimental group (8. 21 ± 0. 81) was Compared to control (16. 36± 0. 81) was significantly lower (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Foot reflexology massage as an effective intervention in safe and effective nursing can reduce the pain and stress of cancer patients. Due to its simplicity and low cost, it can be used as a complement to other nurses' usual treatments and care.

Background and Aim: Studies of memory impairment and memory loss associated with age, has led to the introduction of new therapies, including uses of medical herbs to improve memory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Passiflora extract on passive avoidance Learning and Memory in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were divided into; control group, sham (solvent) and 3 Passiflora extract treated groups (50, 100 and 200 mg/ kg). The gavage was continued from the 1 week before the shock to 2 weeks afterwards. Learning and memory were evaluated using the passive avoidance test (shuttle box). Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using ANOVA and Tukey-post hoc test. Results: Oral administration of Passiflora extract in all 3 doses increased the latency of the entrance to the dark room, which was significant in the one week after the shock compared to control group(P <0. 05). Conclusion: The Passiflora extract consumption improved dose dependently betterment learning and memory. So it seems that, it’ s using be effective for cognitive impairment prevention and treatment.

Background and Aim: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy is from third-wave therapies that their effectiveness has been tested in a range of different psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness on rumination and glucose index of type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. From among all type 2 diabetic patients referring to Birjand Diabetes Center in the second six months of 2017, 40 diabetic patients (20 experimental groups, 20 in the control group) were selected samples as available. Data were collected by Nalen-Huxma and Marrow rumination questionnaire and also by performing HbA1c (hemoglobin glycosylated) and FBS (fasting blood glucose) tests. For the experimental group, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was conducted by Segal et al. Method in 8 sessions of 60 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and statistical analysis of covariance, Levin and Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis was used to analyze the data. The significance level was considered 0. 05. Results: The results showed a significant difference in mean scores of rumination and fasting blood sugar (FBS) in the experimental group before and after the intervention were(P<0. 05) but the changes in mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) view failed and changes in the control group were not significant. Conclusion: The use of cognitive therapy based on Mindfulness, as an effective educational intervention, will be effective in decreasing the rumination and FBS in patients with type 2 diabetes and however, it is probably not effective in reducing hemoglobin glycosylated (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background and Aim: Among the industries the dairy of the industry to recognize one of the most polluting Sources due to the presence of a high percentage of organic matter in the effluent. Recently, advanced oxidation processes, including Ultrasonic-persulfate with production of free radical such as sulfate and hydroxyl radicals is the efficient processes in wastewater treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluation efficiency of US-persulfate processes in treatment synthetic dairy wastewater. Materials and Methods: This research was an experimental-laboratory study. In this study, dry milk was used to make synthetic dairy wastewater and effect of pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11), persulfate concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750 mg/L), contact time (10, 30, 45, 60, 90 min) and intensity of waves US (35, 37, 130 kHz) was investigated on efficiency and the process efficiency was measured by calculating the residual chemical oxygen demand using spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 600 nm. Results: According to the results, the efficiency increased by decreasing the pH value, increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide to an optimal level and increasing the contact time and ultrasound intensity and also was found that the efficiency of US-persulfate process at pH 3, concentration of persulfate500 mg/L, intensity of US 130 kHz and contact time 60 min had the highest efficiency that the amount of this efficiency was 74/53% and 61/1% for synthetic dairy wastewater and actual dairy sewerage respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the acoustic-activated peroxylate process can be a good and highperformance method for removing organic matter from dairy wastewater.

Background and Aim: Skin cancer has grown dramatically over the past decades, and the importance of early treatment is increasing day by day. The purpose of this study is to use deep neural networks to create an auto-diagnosis system for melanoma, in which data is directly controlled as part of a deep learning process. Materials and Methods: In this paper, studies on related pictures of skin cancer were performed. For the diagnosis of benign or malignant skin cancer, the deep neural network classifier is used with the help of the Tensorflow framework and the use of the Keras libraries. The dataset which are used in this study consist 70 images of melanoma and 100 images of benign moles. In the proposed model, 80% of the database images are used for training and 20% of the database images are selected for testing. Results: The proposed method offers a higher detection accuracy than other existing methods, which has increased the accuracy of diagnosis in most cases by more than 10%. The high accuracy of the diagnosis and classification and the speed of convergence to the final result are the characteristics of this Research Compared to other Research. Conclusion: An automatic system based on deep learning is presented to identify and categorize skin cancer which provides high accuracy and speed.

Background and Aim: Intra-bone lesions are common in lesions, among them periapical lesions have a higher incidence. Todays, all direct digital imaging systems provide various types of image processing techniques. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different digital image processing techniques on the diagnosis of bony defects. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 sheep inferior half-jawbones were used. Lesions were created by round bars with numbers 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 and 4. Digital images were obtained by edge enhance, sharpening, invert gray scale processing method and unprocessed investigated by two radiologists and in case of disagreement them observers by third observer. The method of recording the results was definitive diagnosis of lesion number 1, misdiagnosis number 2 and possible diagnosis number 3. The results were analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Percent of diagnostic sensitivity in unprocessed Images (71. 8%) and images processed with Sharpen filter (71. 4%) were significantly higher than images processed with invert grayscale (68. 5%) and edge Enhancer (53%). (p<0. 001) Conclusion: To detect bone lesions, unprocessed and processed digital images with Sharpen filters have higher diagnostic accuracy.

Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among women. Monthly breast Self-Examination is an important screening strategy for early detection of breast cancer, but few women do this. The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of breast self-examination behavior in housewives based on the trans-theoretical model. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was incorporated 450 housewives aged between 20 to 40 years old referring to health centers in Birjand. Sampling was through the Stratified Sampling method. Data collection was carried out through a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information and dimensions of the meta-theory model and knowledge questions whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: Mean age of the housewives was 30. 75± 5. 24 years. As regarding the stages of transition in breast self-examination (BSE) behavior, 32. 9% were in the pre-contemplation stage, 19. 6% in contemplation, 23. 3% in preparedness, 18. 2% in action, and 6% in maintenance stages. Regression analysis showed that self-efficacy, knowledge, and education level were predictors of BSE. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that self-efficacy and knowledge were predictors of BSE. Therefore, BSE behavior can be reinforced via educational programs that aim at increasing awareness and self-efficacy among women.

Background and Aim: Nursing is one of the most stressful jobs. The high level of stress affects the physical and mental health of nurses and their job performance. The purpose of this study is comparing the psychosocial stresses of the nursing staff of the educational hospitals in Birjand between 2004 and 2014. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 306 nursing staff of educational hospitals (Imam Reza and Vali-e-Asr) in Birjand city were selected by census and studied. Then, the results of this study were compared with the results of a study done in 2004 on 247 nursing staff of Imam Reza and Vali-e-Asr hospitals of Birjand for this purpose. The data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 85 questions in three sections of personal stress, family and work environment that was completed by the Data were collected by SPSS software (version 16) and analyzed by independent t-test at a significant level of α < 0. 05. Results: The mean of stress score in the year 2004 was 3. 11 ± 1. 25 and in the year 2014 was 3. 03 ± 1. 15. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0. 44). The stress caused by family factors and work environment in 2014 was significantly lower than in 2004 (P = 0. 02, P = 0. 005). However, the stress was not due to personal factors between two years. (P = 0. 12). Conclusion: Although the level of stress in the nursing staff of educational hospitals has fallen more than 10 years ago, it still has a high level.

Background and Aim: Behavior misconduct in college students are an important issue. This study aimed to investigate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Criminogenic Cognitions scale. Materials and Methods: This study is a survey of correlation type with exploratory factor analysis, 397 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences Selected and studied by using cluster sampling method and completed the Criminogenic Cognitions scale, Dark Personality Scale, honesty and empathy subscales and Anger subscale. Data was analyzed using Lisrel (version 8/8) and SPSS softwares (version 22). The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated through the method of retesting and Cronbach's alpha test and the validity of the questionnaire was determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The result of exploratory factor analysis extracted a 5-factor structure that explained 50. 04 percent of the variance of the test. The five factors were named short-term gratification, negative attitude toward authority, failure to accept responsibility, Notions associated with entitlement and Insensitivity to the Impact of Crime, respectively. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients for the five factors and the total questionnaire were in the range of 0. 65 to 0. 89. In addition, correlations between total score of Criminogenic Cognitions scale and scores of psychopathy, Machiavellianism and anger were positive and significant, and correlations between total score of Criminogenic Cognitions scale and scores of honesty and empathy were negative and significant. Fitness indices including Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSEA) equal to 0. 88, 0. 90, 0. 90 and 0. 073 and showed that the model is fitted with data. Conclusion: The findings of the study confirmed the obtained five-factor structure of the main questionnaire and provided practical advices for researchers, professionals and organizations responsible for using the scale.