Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Year:2005 | Volume:3 | Issue:1 (SERIAL NUMBER 9)|Papers Count:12

Background: The elastic modulus of elastic arteries has been extensively studied, while studies of muscular arteries are sparse. In this study, the elastic modulus of right common femoral artery (RCFA) were estimated with the kinetic pressure changes and compared in healthy and atherosclerosis groups.Materials and methods: The relative diameter and kinetic pressure changes of the RCFA were measured and estimated using echo-tracking sonography and Doppler spectrum analysis in 41 men (16 healthy and 25 atherosclerosis diseases). Then the kinetic elastic modulus in the RCFA was estimated in two groups.Results: The results show that, the arterial strain was significantly high in healthy group relative to atherosclerosis group. The estimated values of kinetic elastic modulus of RCFA in atherosclerotic artery are significantly high compared with healthy group (P-value <0.05).Conclusions: It is concluded that in RCFA with large content of smooth muscles, mechanical properties (Kinetic elastic modulus) are affected by progression of atherosclerosis.

Background: Dyspepsia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) are among the most common problems in clinical practice. Given established association between GERD and esophageal adenocarcinoma this problem has significant importance; whereas, most of symptomatic patients have non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).The aim of this study was comparison the clinical complaints with endoscopic and pathologic findings.Materials and methods: This study was done in 211 patients with clinical symptoms of dyspepsia for at least 3 months from October2003 to September2004 in Baquiatallah hospital. After completing clinical findings questionnaire, all patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy and then these methods' findings were compared.Results: Patients' mean age was 37.53 and their mean weight was 68.59. Most frequent complaints were abdominal pain (72%), heart burn (54%) and nausea (44%), respectively. Endoscopy was abnormal in 87(41.2%) patients (35.1% G I, 3.8% G II, 1.9% G III and 0.5% G IV esophagitis). 124 (58.8%) patients had normal endoscopy. Esophageal biopsy was abnormal in 54 (25.6%) patients (14.2%non-inflammatory lesions, 10.4% inflammatory lesions and 0.9% metaplasia) and 157(74.4%) patients had normal biopsy. Difference between positive endoscopy and biopsy were not significant (P=0.159).Conclusions: A considerable part of symptomatic patients have NERD. Pathology and endoscopy are not preferable to each other, so symptomatic patients should be treated regardless of para-clinic studies.

Background: Personnel of military forces have close contact with the environment and can be bitten by insects and exposed to the related diseases, more than other people. The importance of Culex mosquitoes for mankind is in fact, its biting and nuisance, especially at sleeping time. In recent years, great progresses have been occurred in protecting people, especially military personnel, against arthropod bites and vector-borne disease, using treating clothes with permethrin. In this study, the protection of permethrin-treated military uniforms against 3 species of Culex in a rural field of Iran has been examined.Materials and methods: In this study, six types of current military uniforms of Iran were treated by permethrin (0.125mg permethrin [Al]/cm2) and examined against the biting of natural population mosquitoes of rural areas of Kazeroon, Fars Province, south of Iran, namely Culex. Eight volunteers were selected for this study. Six of them put on the treated uniforms and the other two ones wore the untreated uniforms. All the subjects participated in the night biting test for eight active nights of July 2004.Results: There was no significant difference in the protection of different treated uniforms against mosquitoes biting. The relative protection level of treated uniforms, in comparison with untreated ones, was about 88/2%. The protection percentage of treated uniforms for different species of mosquitoes, in comparison with untreated ones, was calculated through determining the species of captured mosquitoes, separately from case and control subjects.The results showed that the relative protection percent of treated uniforms against species of Culex bitaeniohynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx.perexiguus were 72.7, 87 and 89.8, respectively .The results of chemical analysis with High performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method, before and after field test, showed that in two weeks of study, there hasn't been any significant decrease in the amount of uniforms' permethrin. Conclusions: According to this study, using of permethrin-treated clothing is a useful technique, which makes a considerable protection against insects biting. There for using this technique is recommended for protecting military personnel or civilian, as an effective method against hematophagous insects.

Background: Sulfur mustard as a chemical weapon was used during imposed war against I.R. Iran. We investigate the comparison serum magnesium values between sulfur mustard asthmatic victims and non-chemical asthmatic patients and magnesium status evaluates between two groups. Materials and methods: Seventy-five consecutive and volunteers Patients with sulfur mustard –induced asthma were enrolled in the study. Confirmations of chemical exposure with sulfur mustard and involvement to asthma were documented by a definite criterion. Normal serum Mg value was 1.8-2.6 mg/dl.Results: seventy- five patients as mustard exposure were selected with mean age (46.78±10.15). Mean Mg value was (1/96±0.19). Magnesium deficiency was found in 15% of the patients. The significant difference was found between two groups. (P<0.05).Conclusions: Mg ion has significant roll in management and therapeutic of asthma disease. Reducing Mg level may be increased rate of hospitalization and morbidity. Considering Mg deficiency and diagnosis in MS induced asthma conduct to better results from management.

Background: Adult stem cells are pluripotent cells conventionally isolated from some part of body by different methods. From developmental stand point, murine neural stem cells represent an accessible and important system for studies of basic stem cell property such as self- renewal and multipotency.Materials and methods: In this study hipocampal stem cells obtained from embryonic day 18 (E18). Pregnant female rats were killed, embryos heads separate and then hippocampus isolated by the method of Banker, then their cells dissociated by the methods of Fishbach, and plated in flask 25cm, after 3 days cells separated bytripsin, counted with trepan blue and hemocytometer, divided into two density (high 200000) and (low 20000 cells). Before transplantation of cells, six well plates coated with poly L lysin and inactivated astrocyte, then isolated cells transplanted into 6 well plates for 4 days with medium OMEM/F12 supplemented with FBS10%. After 4 days different doses of ARTA and RA cis-9 added per well for 6 days, and then immunocytochemistery were done.Results: After 6 days of treatment with above factors, doses of 100nM RA cis-9 and 500 nMATRA have the more staining cells with monoclonal antibody. But in 100 nM RA cis-9, we saw maximum differentiated cells. All of differentiation was done on wells with inactivated astrocyte layer in high and low density.Conclusions: Inactivated astrocyte as a feeder layer and extrinsic factors such as All Transe Retinoic Acid (ATRA) and RA cis-9 can cause differentiation in hippocampal stem cells into photoreceptor like cell.

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by a parasite called Leishmania. Leishmaniasis is a main vector borne disease in the world and it can be transmitted to human by bite of sandflies. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis was a major infectious disease during imposed war among combatants who were exposed because of their activity in the endemic areas located in south west of Iran.Military troops are very susceptible to get the infection as a result of their activity in the endemic areas, therefore the Integrated Health measures are needed to prevent the problem. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess the situation of the disease during imposed war.Materials and methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in order to find out the situation of the disease by using available data from 1980 to 1988.The data was analyses using SPSS Version 11.5. In addition, the result was compared with other National Health Organizations.Results: Based on these research findings, it should be noted that-cutaneaous leishmaniasis was very common among conbataouts in Kozestan, the province with the highest prevalence (35275 cases); However, the west Azarbijan province in North west of Iran had low prevalence of infection (142 cases); Nevertheless, the disease has never been reported in Ardebil (North west of Iran) and Ghom (in the central of Iran) during imposed war.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that cutaneous Leishmaniasis was a major problem of combatant during imposed war, and its definitive control was ineffective and insufficient; therefore, the new control methods including Standard Leishmanization are needed to prevent the disease.

Background: Foot drop is a state that patient unable to be dorsiflexion or extension of foot fingers. External pressure is the most important cause of this neuropathy. Among soldiers, following the heavy training, this complication may occur that cause frequent reference of soldiers to military hospitals wasting human force and economic load. Therefore, we decided to evaluate frequency of this disease and find methods to prevent.Materials and methods: This study is a descriptive case series that performed by studing hospital files of 42 patients during the years 2000 to 2003 and the data was analyzed by SPSS-11.5 software.Results: Twenty-eight (66.66%) patients had training for one month, 12 patients had (28.57%) between 1-3 month and 2 patients had (4.77%) longer of 3 month. Six cases (14.29%) had complete injury and 36 cases had incomplete injury. Seven cases (16.67%) had complete recovery and 35 cases (83.33%) had incomplete injury and none had paralysis in any case didn't have. Changes in NCV were detected but EMG was Normal.Conclusions: Trauma following to military training probably due to squatting leads to foot drop.

Background: Management of military medicine service during a war faces two major kinds of weapons, conventional and unconventional. Now a days, production and application of unconventional agents and weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, nuclear and remote control weapons) which are called new arsenal, threaten more and more the health and life of living things and human being every day. Super powers use these kinds of weapons for their soveregntly on other countries. The main goal of military medicine management is to maintain the health of military staff during war and peace with increasing the awareness of personnel by functional methods. The objectives of this article are to emphasize roles of management of military medicine in defense during new wars.Materials and methods: This is an original article in which the records of imposed war and the pattern of military health management in modern war counterattacks and the evidence from countries involved in these kinds of wars and crisis are mentioned and Persian and English literature were used as examples.Results: Results show that the responsibility of military health management in modern war counterattacks is not just limited to the times of war and crisis; these issues should also be considered in the peace time as well as war and crisis in order to achieve its objectives. Preparation, providing required conditions, and acquiring information about weapons, their application and the methods to tackle them, should all be done in this phase and necessary training should be provided for military personnel and people who are in danger.Conclusions: Debate on using modern weapons is now of great importance since the types of weapon and their destructive effects -even if used in a limited level- have been changed. Ignoring this issue can easily affect the moral and military capabilities of ordinary people as well as military personnel, and have a special importance. Although the application of these weapons may not be as widespread as before, current destructive effects of these weapons is now much greater than before. Special attention should be paid to this issue.

Background: Protozoa are among the most important pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts. These microorganisms particularly infect individuals with impaired cellular immunity such as those with heart transplant patients which using high doses of corticosteroids. The protozoa that most frequently cause disease in immunocompromised patient are, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Trypanosoma Cruzi, Babesia microtti and Plasmodium falciparum can cause acute meningoencephalitis, acute myocarditis, hepatospleenomegally, pnemonia , chronic diarrhea and bone marrow, Lung, hepatic, spleen involvement. There are various, serological parasitological histological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of these infection. Owing to the increasing number of transplantation we expect increase occurring opportunistic infections.Materials and methods: For this review article we have searched through the sites pubmed and google by the following keywords: protozoa, infection, heart transplant. We have found over than 30 related article.Results and conclusions: In heart transplant recipient patient protozoan pathogen are terrible life tretening so it is important to take into the consideration the using of choice drugs and preventive methods as earlier as possible.