SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2016 | Volume:12 | Issue:3 (52)|Papers Count:12

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a chronic respiratory disease with long incubation period, caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). The study was performed to evaluation TaqMan real-time PCR technique, as a highly sensitive and specific method, to investigate JSRV proviral DNA in whole blood samples from sheep with chronic pneumonia and apparently healthy cases in a slaughterhouse survey. Blood samples were taken via jugular venipuncture of 80 sheep with chronic pneumonia and 20 apparently healthy sheep.After slaughtering, lungs were carefully examined then tissue samples from ten fix locations of each lung and caudal mediastinal lymph node were collected for comparison real-time PCR assay results' to those of histopathological examinations. The blood samples were stored at -80 °C until DNA extraction. DNA samples were subjected to real-time PCR to investigate JSRV proviral DNA. Fifteen out of eighty blood samples (18.75%) from sheep affected by chronic pneumonia and three blood samples out of twenty apparently healthy sheep (15%) were found to be positive for JSRV proviral DNA by TaqMan real-time PCR. Moreover, 11 out of 80 (13.75%) corresponding lung samples from sheep affected by chronic pneumonia and 2 out of 20 (10%) corresponding lung samples from apparently healthy sheep showed microscopic changes consistent with OPA. Chi square test didn't show significant difference in the health status and real-time PCR (p=0.69) or histopathological findings (p=0.66).However, it showed that there was high relationship between the results of real-time PCR and histopathological assays (p£0.01). Therefore, the present study confirmed that real-time PCR is a sensitive and specific test for accurate detection of JSRV infection in both pneumonic and apparently healthy sheep.

The effects of Persia FatÓ supplementation were evaluated on performance, blood metabolite and nutrient digestibility in African domestic farmed ostrich at 15 months age.There were three treatments as follows; basal diet (1), basal diet plus fat (20 g/kg) (2) and basal diet plus fat (40 g/kg) (3). Eighteen ostrich were used in this experiment (6 birds per treatment). Significant effects of fat was detected on feed intake, dry matter intake parameters (P<0.05). There was no negative effect of fat on digestibility of gross energy (GE). Fat supplementation in diet significantly increased the digestibility of Crude fat (EE) compared with treatment 1. Fat supplementation there was no significant effect on serum glucose and total cholesterol level. Different levels of fat also significantly increased serum cholesterol LDL and cholesterol VLDL concentrations compared with treatment 1. In General, the use of fat especially at 40 g/kg in diet was effective to improve performance trait, feed intake, and nutrient digestibility in the ostrich chicks.

This study was carried on 224 slaughtered buffaloes at Ahvaz abattoir to compare a commercial ELISA kit (IDDEX) and virus neutralization (VN) test for detection of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in buffalo. Blood samples were taken after slaughter and sex and age parameters were documented. Sera were tested by ELISA and virus neutralization (VN) test for detection of antibodies. The result of ELISA showed none of these buffaloes had antibodies to BVDV, but 48 (21.43%) of buffaloes had antibodies to BVDV by VN test. The prevalence of infection in females and males were 28.2% and 15.7%, respectively and statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference between them (P=0.024). Although the seroprevalence of BVDV in these buffaloes is noticeable, but the commercial ELISA kit is not suitable for detection of antibodies to BVDV in this animal. It is recommended to develop a competitive ELISA for detection of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in buffalo.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary acidifier on feed efficiency and some hematological and immune parameters of tiger Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus). A total of 96 Oscar fingerlings weighing 7.08±1.33g were fed with four treatments including 0, 2, 4 and 8 g Biotronic acidifier (BiominÒ- Austria) /kg diet for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, biometry and blood sampling were done to measure hematological and immune parameters. The results showed that the highest final weight, percentage of body weight increase, average daily growth, specific growth rate, condition factor and the lowest FCR were observed in treatment 8 g/kg acidifier which had no significant difference with other treatments (P>0.05). Fish were fed 4 g/kg acidifier showed an increase in RBC, hematocrit and hemoglobin compared to other groups. There was no significant difference in MCH, MCV and MCHC between treatments (P>0.05). The highest WBC was recorded in treatment 8 g/kg acidifier. The treatment 4 g/kg acidifier had the highest lymphocyte count compared to the other treatments. In immune factors, treatments 2 and 8 g/kg acidifier showed the highest amount of lysozyme and IgM, respectively compared to other treatments. Based on mentioned results, it can be stated that acidifier supplement at level of 8 g/kg has been a slight impact on strengthening feeding efficiency and also improvement of some hematological and immune parameters of Oscar fingerlings.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an important viral pathogen of chickens with several serotypes. Efficient control of the infections caused by IBV relay on the vaccination and rapid diagnosis of infections. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the virus is a conserved structural protein, considered as a candidate antigen for developing diagnostic kits and production of monoclonal antibodies. In the present study the N protein of infectious bronchitis virus, H120 vaccine strain was expressed in Escherichia coli in order to be used as antigen for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Two monoclonal antibodies (1F9 and 6C3) reactive against the recombinant N protein were produced and tested for their reaction with the native viral N protein by Western blotting and immunodot. Both antibodies recognized the N protein in Western blotting but only 1F9 antibody was positive in immunodot.1F9 antibody also reacted with 4.91 and QX stains of IBV. It appears this monoclonal antibody possess the diagnostic application.

In order to investigate the effect of thyme extract (Thymus vulgaris) on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and blood serum lipids concentration of broiler chickens, a total of 200 day-old broiler chicks were purchased and 20 chicks were bled for determination maternal antibody and remaining chicks divided into 4 equal groups. Chickens of group 1, 2 and 3 received 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% of solution including thyme extract respectively in drinking water for all the period of the experiment. Chickens of group 4 were kept as control group and did not receive solution including thyme extract. In order to determine the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) cholesterol, and triglyceride using the kit package, blood samples were collected from 15 chicks of each group at the end of experiment. Mean feed intake, weight gains, feed conversion of 4 groups were determined at 21, and 42 days. The results of present study showed that thyme extract consumption caused a decrease in triglyceride as compared with control group but increased total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Thyme extract consumption could improve feed conversion ratio during the first 21 days of period of experiment but there was not any significant differences between groups during the second 21 days and all period of experiment.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of using of subabul (rich of protein) as a replacement with alfalfa on digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep. Animals were fed with the control diet (without subabul) and diet containing subabul (subabul was replaced by 50 percent of alfalfa) for 40 days. The result showed the difference between treatments of control and subabul in dry matter intake (1190.50 and 954.00 g/d, respectively), digestibility of dry matter (66.88 and 56.41%, respectively), NDF (33.49 and 39.36%, respectively) and crude protein (61.32 and 69.07%, respectively) was not significant (P>0.05). Rumen ammonia nitrogen and pH, time of eating, ruminating and chewing and each of these factors for DM, NDF and crude protein was not different between control and subabul diets (P>0.05). There was no difference between treatments for blood glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol and triglyceride (P>0.05).Potential of gas production, microbial biomass production and partitioning factor of wheat straw and soybean meal in control and subabul groups were not different (P>0.05). Also, the digestibility of DM and NDF of wheat straw and soybean meal did not differ between control and subabul diet (P>0.05). According to the result, the using of the subabul plant by 50 percent alfalfa had no effect on digestibility and fermentation rumination and blood parameters of sheeps. Therefore subabul containing poisonous tannin and mimosin can be used as a replacement with 50% alfalfa in the diet of Arabi sheep.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and type of urinary bladder and renal lesions in slaughtered water buffaloes at Ahvaz abattoir. A total of 353 buffaloes were randomly selected. After inspectation of bladder and kidney and document tafion of gross lesion, whole urinary bladder and a piece of each kidneys were taken for gross histopathological studies. The buffaloes were divided into two groups according to sex, and both sex groups were divided according to dental formula into two age groups, ³2.5 and <2.5 years old. Thirty eight (10.8%) cases had gross lesion such as severe congestion, hemorrhages and marked thickening in wall of urinary bladder. According to histopathologic findings, 177 (50.1%) cases had microscopic lesions including severe and chronic lymphoproliferative cystitis (35.4%), chronic cystitis (14.4%) and hydropic degeneration (0.3%). Fifteen (4.2%) cases had gross lesion in kidney. In histopathologic findings, 128 (36.3%) of the examined animals had renal lesions as following, interstitial nephritis (27.2%), acute tubular necrosis (ATN) (3.1%), hydronephrosis (2.5%), glomerular capillary hemorrhage (1.7%), pyelonephritis (1.4%), glomerulonephritis (0.3%). Interstitial nephritis was the major observed lesion (75%). The results suggested that lymphoproliferative cystitis and interstitial nephritis allocated the most common histopathological lesions of baldder and kidney, respectively. Statistical analysis showed there were no relationship between sex and age with urinary bladder renal lesion.

In recent years, the effects of lead have been shown on the male reproductive system and sperm fertility parameters. To treat of human problems and the pains, medicinal plants have been considered. The wheat sprout contains high amount of vitamins, minerals and phytoestrogens compounds. This study investigated the wheat sprout effects on sperm quality in rats exposed to lead. For this purpose, 30 healthy adult male Wistar rats (220 ±20 g) were divided randomly into six groups: G1 (Control group) received 1 ml/kg/day normal saline, G2 received 20 mg/kg/day lead acetate (intraperitoneally), G3 and G4 received 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day wheat sprout extract (orally) respectively, G5 and G6 received 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day wheat sprout extract (orally) respectively along with 20 mg/kg/day lead acetate (intraperitoneally). After 35 days, the rats were sacrificed using chloroform and sperm samples were taken from the caudal of the epididymis. Sperm total count, motility, viability, nuclear maturity, and DNA damage as the sperm quality parameters were determined. For statistical analysis, data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. The results showed that sperm count, motility and viability were decreased and percentage of immature sperms was increased significantly following administration of the lead (P<0.01). In addition, sperm quality parameters were significantly improved by wheat sprout extract in a dose dependent manner (P<0.01). Results suggested that sperm quality in rats can be improved by wheat sprout extract following administration of lead acetate.

Until now, hedgehogs belong to the order of insectivora but now they are known as a separate order which named erinaceomorpha. Hedgehogs have been used as pet animals and insect eater. Although many studies have been carried out in terms of hedgehog anatomy including the skull, a comprehensive study was not available concerning the anatomy and radiology of the skull in long-eared hedgehog in Iran. Ten male long-eared hedgehogs were used in this study, weighting between 250 to 450 grams. Five live animals were selected for radiological studies after anesthesia. Some radiographs were supplied. Morphological study was performed in the dorsal, ventral, lateral, and caudal aspects of the cranium. The lateral and medial views of the mandible bone and 10 cranial indices were measured. The important morphological points were: the extension of the nasal process of the incisive bone toward rostral process of the frontal bone in the dorsal view, the presence of a large foramen in the ventral view, the formation of the zygomatic arch by 3 bones in comparison with other animals which made of 2 parts in the lateral view and presence of a very large foramen magnum in the caudal view. The above mentioned anatomical results were noted clearly in the radiographs. Morphologically, the cranium of the long-eared hedgehog did not show significant differences with that of other erinaceomorpha. In morphometrical aspect, the cranial indices of long-eared hedgehog have smaller values than those of European hedgehogs which can be used in osteoarchaeological studies. There are a lot of similarities and some differences in the radiology of the cranium between the long-eared hedgehog and the same body size animals.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of analgesics, which have been used in veterinary medicine progressively, especially in recent years. It has been reported that NSAIDs may be associated with adverse effects which lead to some concerns about their using in stressful conditions including surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential adverse effects of ketoprofen following experimental tibial osteotomy in cats. To conduct the study 10 domestic short hair adult male cats were used. After restraining and routine preparation, the tibia of the right leg was exposed and separated using a gigli wire.Fixation was performed with intramedullary pin and fiberglass cast. After surgery, the animals received treatment of ketoprofen (2 mg/kg) or normal saline subcutaneously.Evaluation of the adverse effects of treatments in bone healing via radiographic analysis, gastric mucosa via endoscopic evaluation, and renal function and hemostasis via blood analysis, was done until 28th day postoperatively. The results of this study showed a significant lower callus formation in ketoprofen group compared to saline (P<0.05).Endoscopic evaluation, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, platelet count and bleeding time (BT) did not show any significant differences in both groups. Based on the results of this study it seems that ketoprofen could delay normal bone healing in experimental tibial osteotomy in cats. It is recommended to use ketoprofen in cats with more caution, especially after orthopedic surgeries.

For the charges effect of chemical drugs and limitation in their use, disposition use of medicinal plants has increased. In this study essentialoil of three medicinal plants Mentha spicata, Eugenia caryophyllata and Cuminum cyminum were subjected to in vitro antibacterial assay against fish pathogenicVibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio damsel. Disc diffusion method was used to test antibacterial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by using standard procedure Broth- microdilution. Among three plants tested, E.caryophyllata (clove) was found to be the most effective. All the plants were effective against all the tasted organisms. The largest zone of inhibition (12 mm) was obtained with E.caryophyllata against V. damsel and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 4 mg/ml was obtained with M. spicata and E.caryophyllata against V. parahaemolyticus, and V.harveyi were found to be resistant with all the plant essential oils. On the basis of this investigation, we can say, E. caryophyllata could be used as a source of new antibacterial agent for developing drugs to inhibit some fish pathogenic bacteria.