Journal of Geography and Regional Development
Year:2015 | Volume:12 | Issue:23|Papers Count:11

INTRODUCTION: Today, the standards of living and consumption rates in metropolitans are higher than other areas, but due to the prevalence of a sense of individuality among people, a lack of belonging to the neighborhood, low contacts with friendship and neighbors and fellow citizens, the absence of any social supervision due to the anonymity of citizens, especially weak religious beliefs, there has been a dramatic surge in the rate of mental disorders and prevalence of crime and other social aberrations. As such, today's urban environment is infused with a sense of segmentation and alienation in which the achievement of social sustainability and maintenance of relationships seem far fetching. Hence, the importance of social stability and its evaluation in addressing the social malaises and securing the welfare of citizens cannot be overemphasized.The present study seeks to present a brief review of the literature on social sustainability and to identify its key components with the aim of introducing a proper framework for selecting indicators through the adoption of a systematic and integrated approach using a multi-criteria analysis and TOPSIS - fuzzy model to assess and prioritize social sustainability in different areas of the Bandar Turkmen city. The present study sets out to answer the following question: - What is the status of social sustainability in five Urban Districts of Bandar Turkmen.- How do the five urban districts of Bandar Turkmen differ in terms of social sustainability indicators.

INTRODUCTION: Geomorphotourism is one of the new methods of presenting tourist attractions, which generally follows the principles of sustainable tourism. The connection between geomorphologic issues and tourism has become widely addressed in interdisciplinary studies. Accordingly, tourism landscapes are defined as landform and geomorphological processes with aesthetic, historical-cultural, scientific and socio–economic values, based on human perception of form the factors affecting geomorphology. In this regard, Panyza, the geomorphologist Italian, introduced the term “geomorphosite” into geomorphology literature for the first time. Geomorphosite refers to the landforms with specific geomerphological characteristics that are considered as part of the cultural heritage of a territory (in the broad sense of the word). In this research, we attempt to present and identify geomorphologic landforms (which are most attractive) in Sarpolezahab, Qasr-e-Shirin and Gilan-e-Gharb townships and present a comparison and analysis of their geomorphoturism values.

INTRODUCTION: As we know, geomorphology is one of the important branches of physical geography that seeks to describe, explain, and interpret the roughness and ruggedness of the earth crust and their development and evolution from a systematic attitude. It should be noted that geologists often focus on the age and formations of such roughness whereas geomorphologists mainly analyze formations and rugged topography and their developments. Since the landforms and ruggedness are developed as a result of various endogenous and exogenous factors, other branches of earth sciences, particularly geology and climatology provide the basic data for the analysis of rugged systems utilized by geomorphologists. In this regard, it should be said that cuestas are the expression of extensive outcrops of gently dipping strata, typically sedimentary strata, that consist of alternating beds of weak or loosely cemented strata.As such, in most parts of the planet, especially in the arid and desert land, cuestas can be found. Nonetheless, there are many controversies about the existence of cuesta in Iran, as some believe that there are no instances of cuesta in Iran whereas others, including the author, can offer hard evidences that prove the existence of cuesta in Iran. This article is an attempt to support this claim.

INTRODUCTION: Transportation and traffic are one of the major issues and challenges that are facing urban managers, so that they have become one of the major challenges in the political area. Transport is one of the most important elements of urban development which is used for people and goods moving from a different geographical place to other places. In order to achieve efficient productivity in urban areas transportation is needed. Tehran Metropolis along with their many problems has encountered a wide problem in public transport area. In order to solve the traffic problems in Tehran during the last years, there have been discussions and controversies among different authorities of urban management (state and municipal) for choosing urban rapid transportation system for Metropolis Tehran. This paper sets out to evaluate and prioritize a variety of bus and rail transportation systems for Tehran Metropolis by using MCDM approach.

INTRODUCTION: Agricultural activities, especially Livestock, are one of the main dimensions of rural economy. In this regard, the ancient history of so many of rural areas about livestock activities, has caused the formation of different types of milk marketing for produced milk, as one of the livelihood tools and economic incomes for the rural community. Despite the fast evolutions in marketing approaches, lack of awareness about market condition, demand and supply, different levels of marketing, additional presence of middle man and pre selling of production has caused products to be sold in cheap prices by farmers. Thus, planning for this mistake and production marketing process management doubtlessly has an important role in promoting economic development of these viable spaces.

INTRODUCTION: Climate change is the result of human activities. Recent research indicates an increase in global average temperature of 4.8 °C over the twentieth century. Temperature change affects agriculture, transportation, water resources, architecture, energy production, energy consumption for heating and cooling buildings, vegetation, flowering, and harvesting, melting snow, and etc. Parameters including days’ degree, the energy required for heating and cooling, and other activities at intervals (monthly, quarterly, and annual) are calculated. In most parts of the world to calculate the heating degree daybase temperatures are of 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 °C.

INTRODUCTION: Inspite of technology progressives, natural hazards have caused damage to property and life in many cities around the world. Part of the damage is related to inadequate cognition of correct response to natural hazards. The dust natural hazard occurrence has attracted public attention in the recent years. Lack of attention to natural hazards has not only affected society economically, but it has also affected the life of residents in the society due to heavy damage.

INTRODUCTION: Temperature is one of the most important ecological factors affecting the life of the plants. For each species, there is a specific temperature below which the plant growth would be halted. That is, it represents the minimum growth temperature of a plant (Mohammadneya et al, 2010). Thus, if the climate elements are not sufficiently considered in the agricultural planning, the results will not be much promising, as it has been proved that the low efficiency of agricultural crops is mainly due to the inability to maintain moderate climate conditions. Temperature drop and frost at different stages of growth and reproduction of agricultural crops could be dangerous, limiting the ultimate production of plants.

INTRODUCTION: Isolated and non-fertile nature of border regions, resulting from severe restrictions on development, employment, and welfare services on the one hand, and lack of motivation for life on the other hand, has brought about political, economical, and security problems for governments. In this regard, the political inability in production, lack of employment, low income, and lack of access to basic needs are considered as the most social and economical characteristics of these regions which provide an environment suitable for illegal activities that are detrimental to security, such as illegal border crossing, drugs and goods trafficking, felony, kidnapping, etc. Border Market establishment is one of the necessary schemes for having a dynamic economy in border regions that provides an environment for development of legal cross-border transactions and uses the existing capacities of border regions in an efficient way by establishing healthy and continuous business communication with other neighboring countries. That is why experts believe that establishing and activating Border Markets can increase the safety of the borders of a country by providing jobs, boosting economic growth, reducing poverty, and vitalizing local capacities. One of the active Border Markets in Southern Khorasan is Mahirud Market which has a special and prominent situation among other three Border Markets of the province. The present study aims at analyzing the physicalspatial effects of Mahiroud border market in Sarbisheh County.

INTRODUCTION: Precipitation is one of the important parameters of climatology and atmospheric science that has high importance in human life.Precipitation forecasting has an important role in management and warning of this problem. Due to the interaction of various meteorological parameters in the calculation of rain, it leads it to a very irregular and chaotic process.Today, Artificial Neural Networks is a developed method that is applied for estimatationand prediction of parameters using intrinsic relations among data.