GANJINE-YE ASNAD
Year:2017 | Volume:27 | Issue:1 (105) |Papers Count:8

Purpose: This paper reviews health reforms carried out the city of Dezful (North of Khuzestan Province, Iran), a city with endemic health problems.Method/Research Design: Data was collected from a combination of archival and library materials as well as using oral history techniques.Findings: Reconstruction plans were drafted and sanitary and medical services were on the agenda in the 1920s and 1930s. However, none were implemented due to serious shortcomings. Later, with the contribution of the people and the authorities, some NGO's in the region succeeded in introducing number of health and medical initiatives, including the eradication of trachoma. During the 4th National Development Plan (1968-1972), hospitals, clinics and pharmacies were established, and general practitioners and specialists were recruited. Such achievements did not satisfy World Health Organization standards; nevertheless, they led to significant health improvement in the region.

Purpose: T arassol (=art of epistolary), as a technique of essay writing and composition, contains precious historical, social, and political information.Yusefi Heravi 's BadaayeOl-ensha is one such work which has been composed according to the rules of administrative hierarchy and bureaucratic positions in the time of Humayun, the second emperor of the Mughal Empire (ruled from 1531–1540 and again from 1555–1556).The aim of this research firstly is to introduce a less known manuscript, secondly to cast light on the administration hierarchy of the empire.Method/Research Design: the letters of BadaayeOl-ensha are examinedfor both the content and literary value. Prevalent style of letter writing in this period is explained too.Findings and Results: Like any similar historical text, BadaayeOl-ensha explains the administrative hierarchy of the Mughal Empire. The letters reveals the three styles of writing addressing the three orders of administrative positions. Also in the contents of letters, especially in the epistolary part (the third part), common customs and traditions of the court are mentioned. The letters also show similarities of court traditions and practices in India and Iran.

Purpose: To study responsibilities and relationships between landlords and tenants in the mortmain of the Safavid era in order to understand social and legal conditions of the time.Method/Research Design: Archival documents are examined to draw conclusions.Findings: The terms and conditions included in leasing contracts did not conform to universal principles. They differed with regard to intentions and objectives of donors, but more importantly they were based on mutual agreements. Duration of lease, payments, and obligations of each party also varied considerably.

Purpose: The paper examines the reasons for dissatisfaction with the enforcement of Clothing Conformity Act and its impact on affected groups and persons.Method/Research Design: Parliamentary transaction records as well as library and archival resources were analyzed to draw conclusions.Findings: The Clothing Conformity Act caused widespread concerns among citizens, mainly due to endangering their employment or loss of business.Concerns about identity, religious beliefs, and social status were also widespread.

Purpose: This paper introduce traditional weighting system used for mixing the ingredients of ink for calligraphy.Method/Research Design: Data is collected from Instructional treaties Findings: Dang, Methqaal, Deram, Tolaa, Owgiye, Sir, Setir, Mod, Ratl, Chaarak, Mann are the names of weighting scales. Considering the importance of weight ratio and the amount of ingredients in the quality and stability of ink, knowledge of these scales in order to add correct amount of each ingredient is vital.

Purpose: This paper presents techniques used for identifying dyes and pigments used in inks and illuminations of several old Quranic manuscripts. Knowledge of the kind of dyes and pigments used in producing old manuscripts helps the choice of appropriate cleaning methods and conservation treatments.Method/Research Design: Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR), Raman laser spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the paint layers and inks of the selected samples taken from 6 illuminated manuscripts, all belonging to the Safavid era (15-16 century AD).Findings: Analyses of sixteen samples taken from the six manuscripts showed that lapis lazuli, indigo, azurite and lead white in blue colors, madder, cinnabar, red lead in red colors, and verdigris and lead white in green colors, were used. All of the pigments and dyes used in manuscripts were common in the Safavid era and were mentioned in literature. Therefore the authenticity of these manuscripts is established.

Purpose: Through investigating the practice of the national archives around the world, this study aims to help the Iranian National Archives to develop a model for managing its social media documents.Method/Research Design: Following developing a list of categories, a thorough search was conducted in the web to find social media records management manuals in the websites of all national archive websites around the world. The contents of manuals found were analyzed using Nvivo11 software.Findings: only 33 out of 97 national archives around the world with websites, had any sort of records management manual, and only 6 had developed social media documents manual. Among them the American manuals were more developed and contained all the categories on our list.