GANJINE-YE ASNAD
Year:2017 | Volume:26 | Issue:4 (104) |Papers Count:8

Purpose: This article investigates why over the past 90 years, Iranians have had a problem with the shortage of change money in the market.Method/Research Design: Library and archives resources were studied to prepare this paper.Findings: Shortage of change money sometimes interrupted business in Iran and evoked customer dissatisfaction.The reason was that people were offered goods instead of money. Also, change collecting by some to sell in the market turned into a business. Some customers, too, offered bus tickets or local credit papers instead of change to the business. Increase in the quantity of coins issued by the Central Bank, rounding prices, and using bank cards were suggested as solutions to the problem.

Purpose: Bikarz, a small and less-known town in the province of Fars, is the subject of a series of British official documents released as part of the collection of Administration Reports of the Persian Gulf. Reports date back to the 1930s, the time of Reza Shah Pahlavi. The series holds important information, in particular with regard to the oil industry and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. The present paper examines these documents.Method/Research Design: Archival documents and library resources are consulted to prepare this paper.Finding: Reports emphasize the importance of the region for oil drilling. They cover the region from south to the north. Reports also show that the strong central government which Reza Shah established had successfully weakened the power of local tribes. The documents also show that the Anglo-Persian Oil Company had considerable influence on the social and economic developments of the region.

Purpose: Royal hunting was an important tradition practiced for many centuries by kings and rulers in Iran. This article only focuses on the practice by the Qajarid kings (1785-1925).Method/Research Design: Archival documents and library resources were used to collect data for analysis.Conclusion: Qajar kings followed the tradition with much interest. Among them Fath-Ali Shah (1797- 1834), Naser al-Din Shah (1848-1896), and Mozaffar ad-Din Shah (1896-1907) were more enthusiastic to hunt. In addition to the joy of it, they viewed hunting as an opportunity to demonstrate their competence as rulers, hence enhancing their authority and legitimacy.

Purpose: The Imperial Bank of Persia (IBP, established in 1888) played a major role in the economy of Iran in the absence of any national bank until 1925, when the National Bank of Iran (= Bank-e Melli) was established, and took over the role of the IBP as the reserve bank. This paper reviews the history of IBP.Method/Research Design: Deploys process tracking method, ie. a method by which the analyst attempts to determine the upper mechanisms, co-variants that deliver a certain outcome.Findings: Iranians generally were suspicious of the role of the Imperial Bank. They saw it a tool for promoting the policies of imperial UK interests. The renewal of the Bank's license to operate in Iran coincided with the decision of the Iranian government to nationalize Iran's oil industry. It damaged diplomatic relations between Iran and the UK, and led to the failure of the Bank to continuing operations.

Purpose: To establish dominant themes in the wills and testaments of the martyred commanders, members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard from Kerman Province during the Iran-Iraq war.Method/Research Design: The content analysis was carried out on the full version of the 68 texts. Keywords were extracted using automatic indexing techniques. Based on Bradford's distribution model keywords, 98 out of 1879 were identified as core concepts, which were analyzed by two techniques: hierarchical clustering and social network analysis. The result was compared against a collection of contemporary letters written by soldiers who were killed during the Second World War.Findings: The maps revealed eight axes in the testaments, including "God" and "Islam". Comparison showed a number of common axes in both groups of testaments. However, significant differences appear to be in the themes and the mentalities of the writers of the two groups. In the Iranian testaments the main feature was belief in Islam and the mention of prominent Shiite figures, in particular Imam Hossein, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad as well as his followers killed alongside with him in Kerbela.

Purpose: Photographs, among the range of visual recordings of cultural heritage, are important for rebuilding and visualizing the culture and civilization of the past. Knowledge of the material and techniques employed to produce them is also important both for historical research and preservation. This paper introduces techniques and methods of producing glass and plate photographic negatives, and methods for identifying them by their visible morphological characteristics.Method/Research Design: Findings are based on of archival, the Internet, and library resources.Findings and Results: There are three basic types of glass plate negatives, namely, albumen glass plate, collodion glass plate, and gelatin dry plate. Each can be quickly identified by their unique visual properties such as thickness of the glass support, edge cut of the glass, color of the image, evenness of the edges of the binder, varnish layers, evenness of glass support surface, and emulation surface.

Purpose: This article describes and compares conventional techniques for consolidating paper materials and introduces and recommends two nano-techniques for the same purpose.Method/Research Design: Library resources were used to collect data for this paper.Findings: Conventional techniques have both advantages and disadvantages for consolidating the paper material. Practitioners need to have a thorough knowledge of such techniques. Cellulose nano-fibers have certain mechanical and physical advantages including compatibility, chemical stability, and low-cost. Techniques based on re-sizing are preferred for the ease of application. No sophisticated equipment is required for such techniques. Hence, application of ether-cellulose polymers and especially Klucel-G is recommended. Many conservators tend to apply traditional techniques, however, recent research has showed that application of cellulose nano-fibers as a protective nano-composite coating, combined with cellulose-ether polymers is more effective.