EGHTESAD-E ISLAMI
Year:2006 | Volume:6 | Issue:22|Papers Count:6

Qurd ul Hasaneh is one of the methods of financing, emphasized in Islam, especially for fulfilling of Moslems, necessary needs. By enacting of the interest free banking operations Law, Qurd ul Hassaneh has been utilized as one of the ways of mobilizing in and allocation of resources. Nowadays, after passing more than 20 years of executing of mentioned Law, there is an appropriate opportunity for analyzing The Qurd ul Hasaneh contract' s function and recognizing the banking system's weaknesses and strengths for its better execution.During This period, The share of saving Qurd ul Hasaneh deposits from total deposits gradually decreased from %25 and has been fixed about %10 during recent years; its cause can be mainly sought in continued reduction of real value of Bank Deposits due to inflation and people inclination to deposit in long - run investment account for the sake of profit. on The other hand, The share of Qurd ul Hasaneh facilities in total Banking facilities was %6 on the average. In clearer words, during the surveyed period, banking system, considering Legal reserve, has paid about %60 of Qurd ul Hassaneh deposits as Qurd ul Hassaneh facilities.Another cause of reduction of saving Qurd ul Hasaneh deposits share in banking system is booming of Qurd ul Hasaneh funds so that these funds have succeeded to mobilize %60 of the value of Qurd ul Hasaneh deposits in banking system.

Controlling powerful money and cash holdings within the framework of monetary policies of every country is established by the Central Bank of that country, and to achieve this, the Central Banks utilize tools such as open market operations, discount rates, and legal reserve requirements. However, open market operations, is the oldest, the best known as well as the most important tool among others. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, regarding the prohibition of usury (interest) and consequently the impossibility to use bonds which are based on interest, the "banking without usury" rule has not allowed the banking system to utilize this tool.This paper, introducing Istesna' contracts and developing Istesna' papers as a means to implement monetary policies, seeks to examine how the Central Bank would finance the purchase of Istesna' papers and suggests that by prioritizing the discount rate of Istesna' papers in general, or discount rates within the framework of "surplus drawings", it is possible to make use of Istesna' papers besides Mosharekat bills (partnership papers) of the Central Bank to exercise the expansionary and contractionary policies, and thus, to some extent, fill the vacuum of bonds and open market operations.

Leasing corporations have been among successful economic institutions during last years. On the one hand, these corporations help consumers with time selling cession of goods and by instalment, On the other hard they help manufacturers and finally notional production and employment. Empirical studies show that having regard for following factors are influential in the success of these corporations: 1. Leasing clients are very diverse regarding the amount of prepayment and instalments and the number of instalments.2. Economic conditions of clients during the contract period is very fluctuant. Sometimes improve and Sometimes encounter a difficulty.3. Within a market boom leasing corporations encounter with liquidity deficit and with a market recession they face with liquidity surplus.Using appropriate financial contract and calculating method that could satisfy diversity of clientele tastes and financial power in the both present and future and that would be flexible in liquidity situation of the leasing corporations, will Cause of these corporations to be expaned.The current contract of Iranian leasing corporations is the simple lesingon-making an owner contract with bank method of calculation.This method not only have not the flexibility within financial power fluctuations of the customers and liquidity changes of the leasing corporations, but also does not satisfy the diversity in clientele needs at the time of contract.It seems that with combining the two contracts of leasing-purchase and conveyance and changing calculation method, the supposed objects would be attainable. This paper tries to examine and explain such a contract from juril"ruden tial aspect to achieve the above-mentioned goals.

Healthy environment is one of the divine blessings and interesting matters for people. New economics, in the thought of permanent economic growth, have managed to vast use of environmental resources that in many cases was accompanied by destroying and damaging of environment.Gradually, appearance and expansion of environment crises, has made human communities to pay more attention to this problem.One of important dimensions of attention to this problem is to look at it from religious prospects. There are two contradictory opinions in this view.In one hand, some people observe the current crisis as a result of keeping distance from religions trainings and see the solution in strengthening the ethical and religious training backgrounds. On the other hand, some people, with secular view, search the root of the problem in the religious thoughts and know them influential in crisis.Having no interest in the world, getting mastery of nature form God and allowing overuse of natural resources have damaged the sustainability of development.In this article, first these explain challenges and then answer them with internal-religionview, bytheuse of Qoranandtradition, andwithexternalreligion view, by attending to various and sometimes contradictory views about haw to use environment, and prove that separation and keeping distance from religious educating has caused these problems.In the views of religions, and Islam especially, natural resources and other God's blessings had been created for all people' benefits, and environment is respected by religion and will be maintailed b y strengthening individual religious fundamentals and social institutions like command to goodness and forbid of bad.

Shahid Sadr believes that Islam contains an economic doctrine (Mazhab) and an economic system and therefore Islamic economics does not have a scientific nature (i.e. is not a science). In this paper after explailin g his view of economic doctrine of Islam, economic system of Islam, the science of Islamic economics and their relationship will prove that the perception of Shahid Sadr from economic doctrine and system and economics requires amendment and supplementation and Islam in addition to the economic system and doctrine, enjoys a science of economics as well.

This paper is a review of the methods that Islamic jurists and researchers in Islamic economics, have adopted based on Shiite juripruden ce to attain the teachings of Islamic economics and its domans. Since any method in discovering the teachings of Islamic economics depends on the conception and impression of the researcher (however in brief) from the concept and domain of Islamic economics, at first the conception and understanding of the originators of these methods form Islamic economics and its domain is discussed and then each of methods is examined in regard to the principles of Shiite juripruden ce. The teachings of Islamic economics from the author's view are also introduced and the methods necessary to discover them will be proposed.