DANESH-E-ENTEZAMI
Year:2006 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Societal harms are certain societal disorganizations permanently challenging the basic values of society. The present paper attempts to pinpoint societal harms to the public security. Inductive and deductive methods have been used in the study.Police as the source of maintaining public security needs public, civil, and organizational participation. Therefore, with the loss of such triple participation, police are limited to adopt software and hardware methods to deal with the increasing societal harms and deviations the consequences of which are to be endowed with various problems.

Police university as the special training academy of police and as the police scientific center is of great importance to the whole police organization. The performance of police university is no doubt immediately mirrored in the organization and through the society. The present paper focuses on the significance of organizational development in maintaining effectiveness and order of police university. the necessary conditions and key prerequisites are dealt with too. Some practical strategies for initiating the principles of organizational development of the police university are also clarified.

Discipline is the means of order. The discipline of police personnel in not an end or cause by itself, rather a route to developing proper behavior of the personnel of police stations who are in direct contact with citizens. This paper aims at identifying the effective roles of commanders in enforcing the disciplinary bases of police personnel. The personnel of Tehran police stations were the population of the study. Questionnaire was used as means of gathering data. The results showed that the supervision, care and unexpected visits of commanders were the most effective factors. The greatest effect produced by the commander’s decisions on the personnel was first the disciplinary rewards and the regular goods appointed to be given to them. Second, it was the special facilities and the last factor was punishment.

Maintaining Law and order is among the vital problems in organizing governmental issues. No development of any kind is emerged without the presence of security. Imam Ali (pbu) took the significance of maintaining law and order into consideration right from the advent of his celestial mission. This paper seeks to formulate a proper model regarding law and order and tries to elaborate on various threats to the security such as ethnical and racial biases and internal conflicts.

Reviewing the studies on car accidents, we can see that the personality and mental factors leading to the accident, are relatively constant among different people. Such studies paved the ground for production of a system under the names of «Accident Proneness» and accident prone personality referring to the psychological and individual aspects of the accidents. However, the use of such term came up with certain scientific and methodological restrictions. With the emergence of a powerful methodology and multidimensional view points in the field, the term rooted in the relevant literature. The paper attempts to review the studies on the role of human factors in car accidents and tries to discuss some patterns in the field.

Civil liability is at work when there is a harmful act or harmful omission of an act. Sometimes one without perfuming or omitting a harmful act turn to have vicarious liability of other’s acts or omission of acts. In automobile accidents such liability occurs when one’s automobile cause accident while in the control of another person. The question is whether the owner of the vehicle to be responsible for such damage. The answers to the question could be of three types: 1- when there is an emplyer–emplouec relationship between the owner and the driver of the automobile, vicarious liability applies. 2- In all cases where the owner lends his/her automobile to another person, such liability applies for the owner. 3- vicarious liability does not apply in automobile accidents. The third category is at work in our country, Iran.

Rumor has been considered the oldest mass media. It is the knowledge in the hand of its transmitter. Rumor as an unproved information is accepted based on the degree of link between it and the teller. Information has been utilized as an effective way of reaching various aims in different fields. Rumors can affect the activities and police missions. Society has always been liable to the blooming of fabricated information and an improper picture of police in the public. By doing their jobs properly and thus building trust in the society, police officers can pave the way for diminishing the functions of rumor.