Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2013 | Volume:20 | Issue:107|Papers Count:14

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of two probiotics (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei) with a peribiotic (Raftilose) on the growth and liver enzyme (ALP, ALT and AST) in rat.Methods: In this laboratory experimental study forty eight male rats (175±25 g) were randomly divided into four experimental groups each with triplicate. One group was selected as control and three groups were fed with probiotics (5×108 CFU/ml), peribiotic (5% of the diet) and a mixture of probiotics with peribiotic with the same concentrations, respectively. The animals were fed with probiotic and peribiotic for 4 weeks and trial was continued for two weeks later without receiving any additives. Sampling was scheduled at days of 0 and 30 for biometry and days of 30 and 45 for liver enzyme assay. Data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA by SPSS software.Results: Lactobacillus casei and L. paracasei with Raftilose statistically had no effect on the rat growth (p<0.05). Also, results indicated that liver enzyme activity could alter independently. The amount of ALT was higher in the animal that received probiotics (p=0.032) than the control group at the day of 30. The level of ALP and AST not showed any statistical differences (p<0.05) between the groups.Conclusions: It should be concluded that addition of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei with Raftilose as a prebiotic did not affect the rat growth, but the level of ALT could increase with the probiotics. Further study should be done for obtain the best results on feeding with probiotic and prebiotic in rat.

Background: Large intestine cancer is ranked second among gastrointestinal cancers and is the fourth common cancer in Iran. The aim of this study is to map the county-level of large intestine cancer incidence rate in Iran using Area-to-Area Poisson Kriging method and also to identify the high-risk areas.Methods: This study was application/ecology. The methodology was illustrated using large intestine cancer data recorded in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (in the Noninfectious diseases Management Center) of Iran during 2003-2007 related to the 336 counties. Area-to-area Poisson Kriging method has been used to estimate the parameters of the map. The softwares SpaceStat and ArcGIS9.3 have been used for analyzing the data and drawing maps.Results: Mean incidence rate according to area-to-area Poisson Kriging method has been estimated as 1.90. Mean incidence rate variance using the area-to-area Poisson Kriging method was estimated as 0.25. Maximum incidence rate using the area-to-area Poisson Kriging method (5.65) with variance (0.04) was related to Rasht county and minimum incidence rate (0.05) with variance (0.14) was related to Chabahar County. Minimum variance incidence rate (0.01) with risk (3.64) was related to Tehran county and maximum variance incidence rate (2.51) with risk (1.15) was related to Deir county have been estimated.Conclusions: The area-to-area Poisson Kriging method is recommended for estimation of disease mapping parameters as this method accounts for spatial support and pattern in irregular spatial area. The results demonstrate that the cities in the provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran have higher risk than other areas.

Background: Patient empowerment is considered as an effective paradigm in self- care education and behavior change in diabetes care. This study examined the impact of pre, immediately and a-3 months, empowerment –based diabetes education in promoting self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetic patients in Isfahan city.Methods: This randomized control trial enrolled 140 adults with type 2 diabetes. Baseline, immediately and 3 –months assessments measured self-care behaviors. In intervention group, participants received educational plan based on empowerment theory and control group received current education plan in the diabetes center. Patients in intervention group attended in five groups with 14 patients during 2 months intervention with group problem solving and peer support strategies based on empowerment theory constructs. Each scale was performed based on study goals in post-tests separately. Collected data was analyzed using SSPSS software 11.5 version with statistical tests.Results: The two groups did not differ statistically in the demographic variations (p>0.05). Self-care difference was statistically significant in the case group, however in the control group and between the two compared groups it was not significant (p>0.05). Self-care behaviors in total and some subscales such as nutrition (p=0.03), and physical activity (p>0.001) showed significant association in intervention group. Self-monitoring, adherence to treatment and inspection of foot had significant association in intervention group (p>0.001), but there was no significant association within two groups (p>0.05). Smoking had a significant association in intervention group (p=0.03).Conclusions: Findings suggest that an empowerment based educational program is promising for improving and maintaining certain self-care subscales.

Background: The purpose of this study was to study the effect of fast music rhythm on cardio- respiratory responses and perceived exertion rate during incremental exercise in athletic men.Methods: Ten athlete males (age: 22 2.44 yr, height: 176±6.72 cm, weight: 69.4±4.65 kg), voluntarily performed Bruce protocol until exhaustion with fast music condition, and crossover format, with 72 hours between the two stages of test. Cardio- respiratory indexes was assessed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 minutes Results: The results show that listening to fast rhythm music during incremental exercise significantly increases stroke volume, ventilation and breathe per minute and significantly decreases perceived exertion rate and heart rate.Conclusions: This study show that listening to fast rhythm music decreases rate perception exertion and improves heart function by increasing stroke volume and decreasing heart rate during incremental exercise.

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the frequency of small airways obstruction in obese patients referred to obesity clinic of the Hazrat-e-Rasool Akram Hospital during 2011-12.Methods: Retrospectively, the frequency of Small Airway Disease (SAD) in 100 adult obese patients, who had no history of respiratory or cardio-respiratory disorders and did not complain about respiratory problems in recent weeks, and was determined in people with forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25-75%) less than 60%.Results: The average age was 40.3±8.6 years. Twenty-eight percent of subjects were found to suffer from SAD, of those 86% were women and 14% were men.Conclusions: The small airways disease prevalence was found higher in obese than nonobese people. Thus, to reduce the mortality and morbidity it would be recommended to diagnose the pulmonary disorders in obese people.

Background: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the stratified squamous epithelia of unknown etiology. The lesion can appear as a combination of clinical subtypes. As there is a controversy about the necessity of taking biopsy in the various types of OLP, the assessment of compatibility of clinical diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis and also the necessity of biopsy could be a guide to this matter.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the files of 162 patients with clinical diagnosis of OLP from Oral Medicine Department of Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (2002 to 2008) were reviewed. These files were categorized based on the results of histopathological diagnosis: 1. OLP, 2. Oral Lichenoid Lesion (OLL), and 3. Other lesions (nonspecific keratosis, SCC …).Results: From the total of 162 subjects, 25 were with only clinically keratotic type and 137 were with other clinical types (atrophic, erosive …). The mean age of patients was 48.85±13.69 (19 to 77 years). Also 60.5 percent of cases were women and 39.5 percent men. The histopathological diagnosis was OLP in 123 patients, OLL in 11 patients, and other lesions in 28 patients. Ten patients from 123 with diagnosis of OLP revealed dysplastic changes.Conclusions: Regarding to the sufficiency of clinical diagnostic criteria, especially about the keratotic type of OLP that has little or no chance of dysplastic transformation, it seems that taking biopsy is not mandatory, while atrophic or/and erosive forms are suggested to be biopsied because of potential of malignant transformation.

Background: Pregnancy is a unique immunologic phenomenon in that despite expressing antigens with paternal origin of the embryos the interaction between maternal immune cells and fetal ones not only does not cause damage to the fetus, is necessary for fetal development. Since immune cell function is essential in the success of pregnancy and many of spontaneous abortions are associated with immunological defects. Understanding immune cells recognition, their distribution in the uterine tissue and the immune mechanisms involved in creating natural tolerance to an allograft (embryos), are necessary.Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study distribution of various immune cells in the spleen and uterine tissue in pregnant mice was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibody, HRP enzyme, Alkaline phosphates and eventually the emergence of color on the cells was determined.Results: The results of immunohistochemical staining with different antibodies showed that there are significant difference between the two tissues, spleen and uterus of the cell population CD11c+, CD11b+, CD86+and MHC-II+. The immune cells in different zones of the spleen and uterine tissue are different Conclusions: Different distribution pattern of immune cells in the uterus and spleen tissue showed the importance and role of mucosal immune in protection of the fetus in the uterus and promotion of a successful pregnancy. Also, the presence of immune cells in certain areas prevents the destructive immune response against the fetus. And different dispersion pattern of immune cells is in proportion with function cells in pregnancy.

Background: The problem of relapse makes the addiction treatment complicated. Almost 50% of Iranian addicts relapse after treatment completion. This paper aimed to report certain demographic variables correlated with relapse in patients referring to two selected addiction treatment centers in Tehran.Methods: In this case – control study, 160 patients for case group and 160 for the control group were recruited from two of the outpatient addiction treatment centers in southern Tehran. Patient entered the case group if she/he had one episode of completed treatment prior to relapse, and also she/he had been in the current treatment plan for at least 3 weeks. Individuals selected for the control group never had relapse, and had abstained for the last 12 months. For data collection two questionnaires were used: 1) the researcher made questionnaire, 2) General health tool. Using SPSS software 16, descriptive and analytical statistical tests were performed.Results: The mean age and family members in the case group was less than the control group. In other words, those with decreasing age and increasingno. of family members showed more likely substance abuse relapse {T=-4.7 (95% CI=-2.5910, - 6.3220) and T=2.51 (95% CI=0.9114, 0.1110) respectively}. Also, the results showed that the proportion of employed individuals and users of opioid drugs had less chance of relapse in comparison with unemployed who consumed semi-synthetic stimulants such as crack and grass {OR=./159 (95% CI=./113, ./327) and OR=./208 (95% CI=./128, ./336), respectively}.Conclusions: The results reveal that socio-demographic variables as well as emotional, psychological and medical traits correlate with relapse in drug abusing individuals. Exploring these correlates may predict the likelihood of relapse among drug users. Also it is suggested when designing treatment and prevention programs variables associated with relapse must be targeted.

Background: Blood glucose controlling is a major issue in diabetes management. Many fluctuations in blood glucose level make the close controlling of glucose by physicians as one of the most important principles in diabetic patients managing.Methods: The case was a 58 y/o man with a history of 14 years old diabetes under insulin therapy. After informed consult and description about using the device the instrument was given to him. The patient used the device 30 times in a week and we all received SMS of the recorded blood glucose information. For constructing the device first, printed circuit board (PCB) was designed and then electronic components (such as mobile board, micro controller and glucometer) and CNC work on the place were marked on the PCB. The installation and application were stored within the micro controller by a programmer. After pushing a button the needle of glucometer enters the skin. Data was sent through GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) by a SIM card to the physician and 5 relatives of patients and also was shown on a LED monitor implanted on electronic board.Conclusions: This new device helps physicians to control patients’ glucose closely without any admitting and extra cost. Also using this device will decrease the rate of complicated hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic attacks.

Background: Aluminum phosphide (known as rice tablet) toxicity is a serious, fatal poisoning despite the advancement of intensive care. Phosphine gas, released after exposure of aluminum phosphide to gastric acidic content, causes mortal systemic toxicity. Multiorgan failure may progress within the first hours of severe toxicity. Refractory hypotension, cardiac shock and metabolic acidosis are of the most serious manifestations facing the toxicologist.Methods: A 35 years old male was admitted to our emergency department, about 1 hour post-ingestion of a suspected cocktail as aphrodisiac, afforded by his spouse. At entrance, he was distressful. On physical examination, he was hypotensive and tachycardic with an irregularly irregular rhythm. His initial Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis revealed severe metabolic acidosis. His echocardiogram revealed mild right ventricular enlargement with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (EF=15%). On toxicology consultation, due to acute onset of symptoms, severe metabolic acidosis and cardiac dysfunction, the possibility of aluminum phosphide poisoning was proposed. Afterwards his wife confessed her attempt to poison the patient with aluminum phosphide. Therefore he was transferred to ICU, and the classic treatment of aluminum phosphide poisoning was conducted and due to left ventricular dysfunction rapid digitalization was performed. At day 2, his arterial pH significantly increased and the patient became hemodynamically stable. On day 3 another echocardiogram revealed normal functioning of left ventricle. Next day he was transferred to the clinical toxicology ward and infusion of digoxin was stopped. He was discharged on day 6 with full recovery.Conclusions: This case report suggested the significance of digoxin in the management of aluminum phosphide induced heart failure, although more cases should be assessed to improve the treatment strategies.