JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
Year:2008 | Volume:8 | Issue:11|Papers Count:9

Arranging of urban informal settlements is an important challenge for urban planners and managers, particularly in the developing countries. The scientists of different sciences, among them sociologists, designers and geographers, want to recognize the temporal and local features of these settlements in order to achieve the solutions that can be generalized for similar settlements.This research wants to investigate this problem from a particular aspect that is the rule of NGOs (non government organizations) in order to give solution for arranging of these settlements. For this reason we chose "Islamshahr" located the south of Tehran, then we investigated "Meyanabad" quarter.The aim of this research is to introduce the possibility and the way of using current NGOs, furthermore, we want to know what kinds of new NGOs and CBOs (community based organizations) we can constitute. In order to achieve this goal we did wide researches on social and economical matters in our place and society.The results of these researches show that there are many NGOs and CBOs which are able and inclined to participate with the urban managers and planners. Besides, there is the possibility of the constitution of some new NGOs and CBOs.

To know and determine the land suitability for physical and urban development is one of the first essential steps in spatial and environmental planning. The aim of this study is to recognize susceptible area for physical development in Shiraz urban agglomeration (a condense urban-industrial and agricultural area) on the base of natural factors and getting spatial distribution. These factors include topographic, geologic, land units, land cover/land use, seismologic maps and related data concerning the climate and socio-economic structure of the area. Library studies are complementary data indeed. The assessment of land suitability was carried out by nine natural factors consisting: elevation, slope, lithology, annual rainfall, temperature, land capability, seismology, landslide risk, land cover/land use and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in geographic information system (GIS). Land suitability is classified into five classes: very high, high, moderate, low, very low and its zonation map was illustrated.The results show that apart from agricultural lands, 28% of the area is settled in very high and high classes. The mentioned area with regard to other parameters can be desirable physical in development for planners and policy-makers.

Semirom city that has an area of 12 percent agricultural cultivation out of which 90 percent are allocated for apple cultivation in ISFAHAN provice has and special place in country. Unlimited cultivation and consequently natural disasters, cultivation limits, environmental issues and ploblems are our main considerations to study and identify the best sits for appel cultivation.Main goals of this reseach are: a) identification of important environmental and climatological factors for apple cultivation. B) suitable site selection for apple tree cultivation in SEMIROM using GIS.Factors identification, using ARCGIS and IDRISI, AHP PROCESS, overlay ioperations and use of fuzzy and boolian logic are the methodology for this study .

Geography has changed from 1950, and many quantitative models and techniques has entered in it. Uses of models and techniques in geographical researches specially in urban and regional studies can help to stabilize of this discipline between other disciplines, to identify of current situation, planning and management of region.Cities are the most significant human phenomena in regions that play a major role in development or un development of them. One of cases that quantitative models and techniques uses in it is analyze of urban network and ranking structure of cities.This paper based on descriptive-analytic method, 1345, 1365, 1385 censuses data and spatial analyze models investigate the urban network of Ardabil province.This paper present that attend with social, economic and politic changes in Ardabil province in resent decades, urban network and ranking structure of cities has changed too. The models show that urban primacy exist in urban network of Ardabil, but this system goes to equilibrium, balance and non centralization.

After the last cold war, Afghanistan issue has been forgotten from west. But 11/9 attack has given an important situation to this country.After that, there have been two strategic agreements between the United State and Afghanistan.These agreements show that Afghanistan has very important place for united state geo-strategically in middle east.From other point of view, Afghanistan, is a country that has always gain attentions of supper powers during last centuries and its political configurations are greatly influenced by its geopolitics and geo-strategic situation in the hearth of middle east. In some periods, It was on the way to reach Indian subcontinent, sometimes it was the forefront of east and west bottles and now it is the focus for terrorism, fundamentalisms and other geopolitics and geo-strategic consideration.In this paper, we attempt to consider the role and place of Afghanistan in the geo-strategy of united state in middle east and its importance with respect to geographical systems in the region. It is viewed that the Afghanistan situation in the U.S. geo-strategic plans in middle east is behind military operations of the U.S. and its partners against terrorisms and fundamentalisms.

Tourism is a phenomena that has been respected by human societies from the past period of time and according to different society, economic and historical needs continued dynamically. In this era the increasing population and its resultant of more urbanization especially in developing countries (lack of green space and pollution of cities) caused a lot of difficulties of spending leisure time and using of beauties of nature.human beings resort nature from avoiding industrial life and urbanization, polluted and hot island and this is a basis for an activity called ecotourism.Its purpose is exploition of beauties of nature and its amazing creature is a gooney with responsibility without any damages on environment.The geographical condition, topography, the green vallys, wildlife, the protected area.the running miragesfull of water rivers, historical hills and …of Nahavand has provided a high potential activities for ecotourism.This research is prepared by using measurement field study, the strengtn and weakness points and threat analysis method SWOTevalution the absorbing points of ecotourism of Nahavand scientifically with its environment.Then, it has been focused on the mechanism of increasing development of Nahavand.The resultant of field study, analysis model and analysis experience in the area (Nahavand) show that lack correct exploitation, the weaknesses of scientific insight of managers respect to environment and its absorbing of ecotourism of the area caused high damages on it.It is necessary to find out the propet procedtures and current programs to reduce weaknesses and constraints and exploit the strengths and opportunities.

High spatial resolution data, such as IRS images are used to derive land cover information from the local to regional scales.However, acquisition of multi-temporal data of these images is costly and also limited. At the other hand, MODIS provides daily data in 36 bands with different spatial resolutions of 250, 500 and 1000 meters, which may not be so sufficient to capture the details of highly fragmented landscapes. For this reason, the synergetic use of IRS and MODIS imagery can be useful.The aim of this research is to use the linear mixing model for the fusion of IRS and MODIS images acquired over a suburban area of Tehran, Iran.First, IRS image was classified, and then the classified data were aggregated to match the resolution of the MODIS image. From the degraded data, data of weights, representing the proportions of cover types within the mixed pixels of the coarse spatial/fine temporal resolution image (MODIS), were produced.Computing the radiance values of the low resolution pixels in each image of MODIS, the spectral signatures of each land cover type were retrieved by inverting the linear mixing model. So, fused images were created. Then, IRS and fused image were classified to produce the maps of main land cover types of the study area.By assessing and comparing the classified images, the classification results showed a good correlation with IRS estimates on a regional scale. The fused data definitely permit a better exploitation of the temporal resolution of MODIS data for object separation over the heterogeneous areas. Furthermore, such methodology can be improved by better registration of low and high resolution imagery.

Tourism as one of the major element in world economic structure has led to many demographic, cultural, economic, social and physical conseqennces.Iran in general and Sareeyn in particular has been subjected to these changes during past decades.The major objective of this study is to investigate the demographic and cultural impacts of tourism in Sareeyn.Demographic consequences of tourism is exemplified itself in changes in population growth rate, family size, migration rate, age structure and sex ratio.The research method of this study along with documentation is essentially based on inteviews and questionnaire. In order to find out about cultural impacts, questionnaires were randomly distributed among some of the residents of central, old part of Sareeyn and Alvars village. It is argued that these two parts are the most and least affected communities by tourism. This study based on K square suggests that tourism has faded some of the vernacular cultural characteristics in the area of local language, traditional folk and at the same time promote social awareness, and some of the moral issues in Sareeyn.