JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
Year:2011 | Volume:19 | Issue:22|Papers Count:14

This study designed to identify and analyze the positive and negative effects of the industrial towns of Ilam and Shabab on villages around these towns, and to compare these two regions in terms of achieving sustainable development goals. This study was conducted to survey and its statistical population (N=23004) have formed the residents of rural villages around this towns. The sample size (n=364) has estimated Through the Cochran's formula and samples and multi-stage random sampling method were selected with probability proportionate. Factor analysis results show the positive effects of the Shabab industrial town in the social, agricultural, economic and physical environment in a 73.60 percent of the total variance explained. The positive effects of the Ilam industrial town in region includes the social, agricultural, economic and physical environment and provides a total of 59.89 percent of the total variance explained. Generally can be stated that the Shabab industrial town has a more positive effect on the neighboring villages.

During the 64 years between 1948 and 2011, the geography of war in the Middle East has undergone a major transformation. Between 1948 and 1980, for 32 years, the wars in the Middle East surrounded Israel. During these years, and as a result of the four Israeli wars—in 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973— which involved Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon, the outlook in the east of the Middle East was strained, militaristic, and critical. However, since the 1979 Camp David Agreement, Israel’s surroundings quickly became more peaceful. Thereafter, as a result of four total wars in the last 32 years, the Persian Gulf has become the Middle East’s, and even the world’s, war zone. The atmosphere of the regions surrounding this small body of water is strained and critical as a result of the 1980-1988 Iraqi war against Iran (the Imposed War), Iraq’s lightning attack on Kuwait in August 1990, the US-led massive attack on Iraq in 1991, and the US and Britain’s invasion of Iraq in March 2003. This paper, which is a part of a bigger project, attempts to find an adequate explanation of this massive strategic transformation. It first reviews the previous studies on this warzone transformation, and utilizes political ecology, as a newly emerged interdisciplinary approach, in attempting to discover the causes of this change in the geography of war in the Middle East.

The present research involves providing a method for determination of threshold rate to recognition Super Cold Temperatures (SCT) over the synoptic station located in Northwest of Iran (Maragheh). In other to determination of SCT the occurrence temperature below the-14, 93 C during December to March has been calculated as quantities rate and threshold. Based on this threshold the 10 days was selected as SCT during the above months and the synoptically analysis of cold cloud temperatures has been done over these days. The results of this analyses successfully Identify 3 sea level pressure circulation patterns namely western high pressure pattern with frequency of 5 days, Superimposed high pressure pattern with frequencies of 2 days, Western high pressure pattern with frequency 3 days and Siberian high pressure pattern with frequency of 2 days. Moreover, the classified map of geo-potential height was showed 3 circulation patterns in geo-potential height in a 500 hectopascal level. Calculation and analysis the digital synoptic maps of area was shown that one circulation patterns of 500 hectopascal level dominated over the area alone with weakness of Tropical wind and direction changing of Meridian wind to north have been effected to occurrence a negative temperature advection or transmission of cold air from high altitude area to Maragheh station, which was provided a severe coldness condition and effetely reduces air temperature in area. Furthermore, dominated one of 3 sea level pressure circulation patterns over the area, was increased the effect of cold temperature advection and provide strongly cold condition which is finally call a SCT in area.

In recent decades, air and environment excessive pollution has caused that many countries to take on consume of clean energy. One of these energies is natural gas which due to inherent characteristics, particularly compatibility to environmental sustainable, amount of its consumption has risen in the world. Persian Gulf region with having a40 percent of total world gas is considered as largest holder of gas in the world. The purpose of this research is the study of natural gas potentials for the convergence in the Persian Gulf region. This study has been conducted using analytical descriptive method. The result of the research shows that natural gas plays an important role in the relationship among the Persian Gulf countries. Because Natural gas with oil are common wealth of region countries and cooperation in an economic field leads to cooperation in other areas. Gas pipelines by creating common interests for the countries that the gas pipeline passes those causes the increasing convergence and reduction of political differences between them and will lead to progress and economic development of these countries. Participation and development of regional cooperation in the fields of exploration, extraction and exploitation of gas fields, not only causes the economic development in region, but also have the potential effects on the political relations of region countries and result in increasing convergence in the region.

Environmental hazards caused by changes in environmental conditions in human settlements and economic, social and environmental damages will impose a broad range of human societies. A proximity urban area with steep slopes and piedmont natural basins, vulnerability mountain range of the sliding motion has increased. Different levels of risk assessment, the development of construction zoning is unsafe. Valley River Farahzad basin, mountainous area about23 kilometers of urban Tehran Metropolis mountain range that is particularly vulnerable to the movement of the sliding type. Geomorphological analysis of urban development in the basin and the vulnerability caused by landslide movement, hazard zonation models using combined weighting of several criteria have been made. Factor maps in the Arc GIS software by fuzzy operators, and hierarchical analysis model (AHP) and then produce a map of vulnerability zonation sliding motion was made. To allow analysis between vulnerability to landslides and classes of the developed urban areas in the basin, the raster map of urban with the final map zonation risk were overlapping. Results showed that about 13, 2% of the area studied (3, 039596 km) of the Urban Land has been occupied, 87, 66% in the range of low and very low risk, 3, 36% range with average risk and 8, 96% range is high and very high risk. Reduce the vulnerability of the sliding motion in mountain range can be developed to specific construction guidelines, attention to landslide hazard zonation, compliance requirements related to the stabilization of high-risk range and Studies, especially through the employment of skilled and experienced in decision-making centers.

Transmission mechanism and identification of supplies precipitation moisture in an area are considered subjects in atmospheric science. The study aimed to identify the sources of moisture supplies Iran’s rainfalls, uses four observations daily reanalysis ECMWF data include: Specific humidity (q), u & v component of wind to calculate vertical integrated horizontal divergence moisture flux. The results have shown that Arabian and Mediterranean seas due to the transfer of high volume of moisture over Iran were the major sources of water vapor supply in precipitation. And the red sea, the Caspian Sea, Oman and the Persian Gulf with excessive differences were located in the next ranks. In addition, Almost 97% of the total moisture transferred is related to under the 500 hpa level. The moisture transport patterns were depended on the atmospheric flow, specific high pressure in the lower troposphere. The Arabian Sea and North African High pressure are the major sources of moisture on toward Iran.

Site selection analysis is very important issue regarding development process. This study is based on descriptive and analytical methods. And is geared toward site selection criteria associated with optimum primary schools location in Shadegan using AHP technique. Doing so requires gathering of relevant data corresponding with each criteria in accordance with GIS spatial analysis format. Further, this study applied Expert Choice using weighing and scaling techniques pertaing to eacg informative layers. Combination of layers Suggestes that with respect to residential landuse cultueal, religios, and green spaces four schools ignored the suggested buffers (500 metres) of thoses lanuses therefore represents the improper locations. Regardind other criteria including distance from hospital, fire station and governmental and military complexes, 11 schools in the study area showsimproper locations. Regarding distance from industrial landuse as well as commercial ones and gas stations all school shows an appropriate distance. Contrary to regarding terminals, and streams thoss represent aim unappropriate location.