TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT
Year:2017 | Volume:16 | Issue:1 (61)|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Different statistical methods can be used to analyze fertility data. When the response variable is discrete, Poisson model is applied. If the condition does not hold for the Poisson model, its generalized model will be applied.The goal of this study was to compare the efficiency of generalized Poisson regression model with the standard Poisson regression model in estimating the coefficient of effective factors in the number of children.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on a population of married women with the age range of 15-49 years old in Kashan, Iran. The cluster sampling method was used for data collection. Clusters consisted of the urban blocks determined by the municipality. The total number of 10 clusters each of 30 households was selected according to the health center's framework. The necessary data were then collected through a self-made questionnaire and direct interviews with women under study. Further, the data analysis was performed by using the standard and generalized Poisson regression models through the R software.Results: The average number of children for each woman was 1.45 with a variance of 1.073.A significant relationship was observed between the husband's age, number of unwanted pregnancies, and the average duration of breastfeeding with the present number of children in the two standard and generalized Poisson regression models (p<0.05). The mean age of women participating in this study was 33.1±7.57 years (from 25.53 years to 40.67) and the mean age of marriage was 20.09±3.82 (from16.27 years to23.91), and the mean age of their husbands was 37.9±8.4years (from 29.5 years to 46.3). In the current study, the majority of women were in the age range of 30-35 years old with the median of 32 years old, however, most of men were in the age range of 35-40 years old with the median of 37 years old. While 236 of women did not have unwanted pregnancies, most participants of the present study had one unwanted pregnancy.Conclusion: According to the achieved results, the generalized Poisson regression model is more suitable for data analysis and can estimate the coefficient of effective factors on the number of children more precisely.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease. The number of people with diabetes over the last twenty years has doubled. Asia as a result of rapid economic growth, as the center of the epidemic in the world. Iran is among the countries with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Use of medicinal plants as adjunctive therapy along with medication always been original. In recent years the tendency of patients to alternative therapies and traditional medicine has increased.Methods: Among patients referred to clinics of University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, 67 people were selected and randomly divided into two groups, intervention or placebo. Patients in the intervention group received 3 tablets of 300 mg bee propolis and in the control group received placebo. The study lasted 12 weeks. Serum insulin and insulin resistance index were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study.Results: 57 patients completed the study. The average demographic characteristics, anthropometric indices, serum insulin and insulin resistance index at the beginning and end of the study between the two groups showed no significant difference.Conclusion: In this study, supplementation with bee propolis for 12 weeks, on the serum insulin and indices of insulin resistance in patients with type II diabetes is not effective. Further studies are needed to make a final decision.

Introduction: Postpartum period is associated with significant changes in women's quality of life can be a mother and baby to be effective. Due to this, the study examines the impact of various factors on the areas of quality of life were performed.Methods: This descriptive-analytic study on 120 nulliparous women who referred to health centers and Clinic city Noshahr were randomly selected using a vacuum Sh WHO quality of life in areas of physical, psychological, social, environmental and General (overall) evaluate information using SPSS software with descriptive statistics and statistical tests of ANOVA, t-test and Mann- whithney analysis was performed.Results: Results showed that among the five Scope studied public Scope (overall) with an average of 92.12±34.76 the highest score and the environmental Scope with an average of 29.8±03.64 lowest scores quality of life based on education, type of delivery, newborn gender, occupation, age significant difference in terms of education, social exists (P<0.05) but in other Scope significant not difference. significant differences in terms of delivery social and environmental Scope was observed (P<0.05) of the baby's sex, there was a significant difference in social Scope (P<0.05) In terms of jobs, significant differences were observed in the social Scope (P<0.05). In terms of age, significant differences (P<0.05) was observed in the Scope of social and environmental.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study should be noted that factors such as education, type of delivery, newborn gender, occupation and age have an impact on quality of life nulliparous women after giving birth and knowing this Health care workers and officials can take In order to improve the quality of life for their positive nulliparous women.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine of risk factors in patients with brain metastases, and prognostic factors affecting survival of patients by using the Cox proportional hazards model.Methods: This descriptive - analytic retrospective study was performed on 197 patients with brain metastases who referred to Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiation Center, Yazd, Iran. Several risk factors in these patients were analyzed by the Cox model. Survival times were estimated by Kaplan - Meier and significant difference between the survivals distributions of sub groups were compared with the log-rank test. The data were analyzed by R and SPSS soft wares.Results: The Kaplan-Meier estimate of patients overall survival were 27% at 12 months and 12% at 24 months. By the log - rank test we founded that there was significant difference between the patients survival in subgroups of variables, such as: age at diagnosis, outside brain diseases (primary tumor), type of treatment, response to radiotherapy and re-radiation therapy (P<0.05). Cox model analysis indicated that the survival of patients with brain metastases influenced by the outside brain diseases (primary tumor) and response to radiotherapy variables.Conclusion: According to this result, control of the primary tumor and appropriate by radiation therapy seems to be effective to increase patients Lifetime. Also, it is more appropriate to use the Cox model in medical studies because of its easy for interpretation and not limited to use the type of covariates.

Introduction: Humic acids (HAs) have adverse effects on the environment; therefore, they should be removed from the water and wastewater. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the electron beam irradiation for removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions.Methods: Humic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company. After preparation of stock solution in alkaline condition, different concentrations of humic acid (10, 25 and 50 mg) were prepared. Study has done at pH=8 and in different dose rates of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 kGy. Then initial absorption of samples was measured at 254 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer before and after the irradiation. Excel and SPSS Ver.18 were used for analyzing the data and drawing graphs.Results: The results of this study showed that by increasing adsorbed dose from 1 to 15 kGy, the efficiency of HA removal increased and by increasing humic acid concentration from 10 to 50 mg/L, the removal efficiency of humic acid decreased. The results of the kinetic study showed that irradiation of humic acid followed pseudo second-order reaction.Conclusion: It can be concluded that electron beam irradiation can be a useful technology for the treatment of environmental samples contaminated by humic acid.

Introduction: Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents is typically one of the main problems of health care. Control the dispersion of bacteria in different environments is a challenge in this section that to the overcome of them is essential for health and economic. In this study, nano-silver antibacterial activity was studied against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gramnegative bacterium E. coli and Bacillus cereus.Methods: Anti-bacterial properties of silver nanoparticles against bacteria were assessed using dilution method. Bacteriological tests were performed using the initial concentration of (1 -1.5 10-5) CFU / ml of each type of bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of growth and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined for each bacteria in the agar medium. Since the death of bacteria was studied using a double-MIC concentrations in duration of zero to 540 min and was determined the death time of each bacteria.Results: The results showed that MIC for bacteria of E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was at a concentration of 1700, 1600, 1500, and 1600 microgram per liter of silver nanoparticles, respectively. Also, the lowest death time was obtained 4h, for Bacillus cereus bacteria.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, bacteria E. coli showed the lowest sensitivity and Staphylococcus aureus the greatest sensitivity to silver nanoparticles.

Introduction: Contraceptive Pills Are Accepted Around the World. Since the Introduction of the Pillstheir Use Increases the Risk of Venous and Arterial Complications, but There Are Doubtson Whether Low-Dose (LD) Estrogen Pills Could be a Risk factor. This Study Aimed to Examine the Lipid Profile in Women Exposed to (LD) Oral Contraceptives Compared to Unexposed Women.Methods: In This Mix Cohort, 100 Women Aged 20-35 Years Old Referring to Health Care Centers in Yazd, Iran Were Conducted Through Face to Face Interviews by the Researcher Who Asked for Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics and Also Took Blood Samples for Measurement of Lipid Profile. The Data Were Analyzed using SPSS Version 21 and Chi-Square Test as Well as T-test.Results: In the Exposed Group Total Cholesterol (180.7±38.28 mg dl-1), Triglycerides (129.82±47.92 mg dl-1), LDL (101.42±30.66 mg dl-1) Were Significantly Higher than the Unexposed Group (Total Cholesterol 159±30.26 mg dl-1, Triglycerides 93.6±44.01 mg dl-1 and LDL 84.84±24.70 mg dl-1). However, HDLof the Exposed Group (56.46±8.42 mg dl-1) Did not Showa Significant Differencein Comparison to the Unexposed Group (56.18±8.91 mg dl-1).Conclusion: LD Pills Increase Levels of Cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL, so Taking these Pills may Cause Dyslipidemia.

Introduction: Violence against women is an urgent health priority in Iran. Designing effective programs for preventing and controlling the problem necessitates a thorough understanding of Iranian women and their perspectives regarding domestic violence. This study was aimed at exploring the domestic violence-related views of married women who were referred to health care facilities in Ahvaz, Iran.Methods: In this qualitative research, data were collected through four focus group discussions with 30 married women. All the discussions were recorded and transcribed, after which the data were classified separately. The main themes and sub-themes were then manually derived from the data and analyzed.Results: The five main themes identified were domestic violence against women in Ahvaz, behavioral influencing factors, non-behavioral influencing factors, the necessity to empower women to prevent domestic violence, and recommendations for developing special training programs for Ahvazi women. Most of the participants were aware that domestic violence against women is a common occurrence in Iran. They were well aware of the definition of violence and expressed a belief that behavioral factors exert an important effect on the occurrence of the problem. They recommended the development of appropriate training programs that empower women to prevent the problem, the use of mass media to educate citizens about domestic violence, and the involvement of opinion leaders in eliminating the taboo against considering such violence a crime against Iranian women.Conclusion: Considering the views and ideas of women as consumers of educational services is a principle used to develop effective programs for preventing and controlling domestic violence. As indicated by the findings, the participants believe that empowering women must be treated as a priority in the Iranian health care system. However, they recommended differing approaches and methods of empowerment on the basis of their individual views and concerns.

Introduction: The Basiji healthy lifestyle program for developing of intersectoral collaboration was prepared at the health Education and Promotion Dept and some individuals were selected as trainers. Therefore this study was mobilized about the effectiveness of these interventions in coaches’ lifestyle.Methods: This study is a Cross sectional study which 200 people of the Basij organization trainers under covered by universities of medical sciences in Tehran state by census method were selected and studied in 2013-2014. The data collection tool was a self designed questionnaire, which validity and reliability were determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS Ver.15 and descriptive and analytic statistics were used.Results: Regarding the book of Basiji healthy lifestyle’ 85.5 to 93.5% of the Basij trainers had read the book or had Passed the training course or had taught classes and only 5 to 6% of them had never read or seen the book. According to the ANOWA and LSD there was significant difference between nutritional behavior in different group age (p=0.004). Also between physical activity and educational levels of target group was seen statistical and meaningful deference p=0.037.Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study the program of health educational program resulted in adopting volunteer healthy and safe behaviors among Trainers. The Basiji trainers by gaining required knowledge and skills could take effective steps to promote and improve their life styles and it seems to reach better successes through transferring these skills and health behavior to the target groups.