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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Author(s): 

MOHAMMADI MAHMOUD | DINI M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2003
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    17
  • Pages: 

    75-118
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    727
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The origin of the word of "Manna" has not been satisfactorily explained. Manna is a kind of sugar material produced on young plant organs during some insect activities or reaction of plant mechanical factors or temperature out of plant tissues. These material has high medicinal, nutritional and commercial values are accounted as important by-product of Forests and Rangelands in some areas produces and uses. Some plant manna that which has been investigated in national projects titled.Investigation and identification of manna sources and production mechanism in Iran in Tehran and other parts of Iran in the period 1993-2000 which are discussed in this paper include:1- Gazangabin (Astragal Manna):It is a manna exudes as white spiral, segmented fibes by Cyamophila dicora Log. (Horn.: Psylidae) nymphs.2- Shir-Khesht (Cotoneaster Manna): Occur as sweet, small, grayish-white granules during july and early August on Cotoneaster branches attacked by Scolytus rogulosus Mull. In few days the material sloughs off, which is then collected and mixed with what flour used as laxative. 3- Bid-Khesht (Willow Manna):A white, sweet fairly hard, manna with delightful smell. This compound is produced on the leaves and young branches of some willow by Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin), an aphid of Lachnidae family.4- Shekar-Tighal (Trehala Manna): Shekar-tighal is a manna produced on young shoots or leaves of Echinops spp. By the salivary glands of weevils (Larinus spp.) The compound dries and hardens fast following exudation. Several species of weevils of the genus Larinus ave so far been collected and identified as producing agents in Tehran, Fars, Lorestan, Esfahan, Khorassan and East-Azarbaijan provinces, These include: Larinus onopordi L., L. o. var. maculatus Fahr. 1. arabicus Cap., 1. Mellificus and 1. vulpes Olive. 5- Gaz-e-Alafi (Oak manna): Gaz-e-Alafi is a valuable by product of western oak forests specially in northern parts of Zagross. The manna is produces on the leaves surfaces and young branches of two oak species (Quercus infectoria Oliv. And Q. brantii Oliv.) by nymphs and adults activities of two aphids (Tuberculoides anualatus Harting and The laxes suberi DeL). The material then is sticken as sugar crystallized and used. Production and utilization time of this material is on late spring and sometimes on fillst autumn. Distribution of host plants and aphids are in West-Azarbaijan, Kordestan, Kermanshah and Lorestan provinces, but producer aphids in West-Azarbaijan, Kordestan and Lorestan provinces are able to produce manna.6- Gaz-e-Shahdad (Tamarisk Manna) This sweet yellowish-white compound is produced by two species of insects such as; (Euscelis sp. Family Cicadelidae order Homoptera and Tuponia subaltera Drop. Family miridae order Heteroptera) on young branches of Tamarix aphylla.7- Tarangabin (Camel's thorn Manna): Camel's thorn Manna is a sugar made compound produced by Poophilus nebulosus Family Cercopidae, order Homoptera as a tiny white granules on the end part of Camel's thorn (alhagi camelorum).

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Title: 
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2003
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    17
  • Pages: 

    1-73
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    2089
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

The botanical, ecologycal, chemical and medicine data of galbanurn were collected and review from previous research to modification and establish new subjects of this novel medicine plant. To establish the first step of biotechnology, the tissue culture of galbanum were achieve from radicle of seedling of galbanum on MS. medium with VB5and casein hydrolysis in auxin and cytokinin hormone treatment. The root was induced from new callus on the same medium at 4 C and the root culture was achieved with radical of seedling in the same manner.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1381
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    17
  • Pages: 

    1-20
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    405
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 405

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1381
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    17
  • Pages: 

    79-118
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    958
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

کشور ایران به دلیل برخورداری از تنوع آب و هوایی از پوشش گیاهی بسیار غنی و متنوعی بهره مند می باشد، به طوریکه برخی گونه های گیاهی خاص تنها در ایران میروید، در حالیکه در سایر مناطق دنیا کمتر نظیر آنرا میتوان مشاهده نمود. شیرابه های قندی یا مانها یکی از اقلام مختلف محصولات فرعی گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلها به شمار میروند که در بعضی از نقاط کشور روی گیاهان ویژه ای تولید و مورد بهره برداری قرار می گیرند. این مواد، ترشحات شیرین مزه و چسبنده ای هستند که بر اثر فعالیت تغذیه ای برخی حشرات بر روی اندامهای جوان بعضی گیاهان یا واکنش گیاه در برابر بعضی عوامل مکانیکی و یا حرارت محیط به بیرون از بافتها در پاره ای از مناطق ایران تراوش می شوند. به عبارت دیگر مانها معمولا در اثر دو عامل، یکی گیاه به عنوان میزبان و حشره به عنوان مهمان بوجود می آیند. مانهایی که تاکنون بر روی گیاهان جنگلی و مرتعی ایران تولید و شناسایی شده اند شامل گزانگبین، شیرخشت، بیدخشت، شکرتیغال، گز علفی، گز شهداد و ترنجبین می باشند که علاوه بر خواص دارویی به نوعی در مصارف غذایی نیز مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. به دلیل ناشناخته بودن عوامل مولد مانها، گیاهان تولید کننده، پراکنش گیاهان میزبان، حشرات مولد و همچنین نحوه تولید، زمان و نحوه بهره برداری و نیز نقش عوامل مختلف اکولوژیکی و بیولوژیکی در تولید و تکثیر حشرات مولد مان، طرح ملی «بررسی منابع تولید کننده و نحوه تولید شیرابه های قندی (مانها) در ایران» از سال 1372 تا پایان 1378با همکاری تعدادی از محققان و کارشناسان تحقیقاتی در ستاد موسسه و استانهای تهران، اصفهان، خراسان، لرستان، فارس و کرمان اجرا و در این مدت ضمن جمع آوری و شناسایی عوامل تولید کننده مانها در ایران اقداماتی در زمینه بیولوژی حشرات، نحوه تولید و بهره برداری از آنها انجام شد که خلاصه ای از نتایج بدست آمده در این مقاله ارایه می شود. به دلیل خدادادی بودن این منابع و عدم سرمایه گذاری اولیه برای ایجاد آنها توسط انسان و دسترسی آسان و ارزان برای بهره برداری، متاسفانه طی سالهای متمادی گذشته تاکنون روند تولید و نگهداری آنها سیر نزولی را نشان می دهد، به گونه ای که برخی از حشرات مولدمان در آستانه نابودی کامل و حذف از چرخه طبیعت قرار گرفته اند و بایستی هر چه زودتر اقدامی جدی و ضربتی برای حمایت و حفاظت از این ذخاتر ژنتیکی ارزشمند بعمل آید.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2003
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    17
  • Pages: 

    119-196
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    3
  • Views: 

    937
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Juniper is the most important native conifer in Iran. Juniper as one of the most resistant tree species to extreme conditions, frost (up to -40°C) and drought, plays important role in mountainous regions of Iran. In this study, by investigation on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of essential oils ofleaves and berries (female cones), the effects of environmental factors were studied on metabolism of secondary products. The volatitale constituents of the Leaves and berries of male, female and male-female trees isolated by steam-distillation were analyzed by GC-MS.Results indicated that the amount of essential oil in berries is higher than that in leaves. Seasonal alteration of essential oil of berries differs from leaves. The essential oil of berries increase during growth period, however decreased in leaves. Besides drying has increasing effect on essential oil. In total 32 terpenoidic components were found that a-pinene, limonene, trans-verbenol, cisverbenol, verbenone, g- elemone and elemol were the important ones. a-pinene up to 70% of essential oil content was the highest component. Seasonal alteration of each component was very variable.Drying effect can be valuable for isolation of components and commercial applications.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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