IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Year:2003 | Volume:19 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

The genus of Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz-Bip. Represents 7 species in Iran, one of the more distributed species is Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz-Bip subsp. polycephalum. The plant was collected from Lar-Lacem valley in Jun.2001 and 88 grams of its dry flowers was hydrodistilled for 3 hours to produce oil at the yield of 0.7% (based on dry weight). The sample was analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. Therty components were identified that approximately constituent more than 98.4 % of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were camphor (46.3%), borneol (15.0%),1,8-cineole (9.0%),camphene( 7.9%) and isobornyl acetate(4.9%) were the major constituents respectively.

The genus of salvia represents 58 species in Iran, 17 of which are endemic. One of the more distributed species is Salvia Mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand. Essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation from the aerial parts of Salvia Mirzayanii, in flowering stage (April-2002) from Khash, were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-eight components were identified that approximately constituent more than 99.1 % of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were linalool 19%, linalyl acetate (12.9%), 1,8-cineol(12.l%), terpinenyl acetate (11.5%) as the major constituents respectively.

One of the more distributed of the genus of Thymus is T.pubescens that is widespread in Tehran provinces up to 1800m height and often widespread on flat and rocky surface.The aerial parts of Thymus pubescens were collected at four various localities in the Tehran province: Lar valley and Damavand (East of Tehran province), Sirachal and Fasham (Northwest of Tehran province). Essential oils were isolated by steam distillation from the plant material at two stages, before flowering (BF) and at full flowering (FF). The yields arranged between 0.34% and 0.86% at BF stage and between 0.40% and 2.03% at FF stage. In most sites of collection the oil content at BF stage was less than FF stage and the oil percentage of plant material from Lar valley and Damavand was more than of Sirachal and Fasham.At BF stage 25 compounds and at FF stage 26 compounds were characterized by means of GC and GC/MS. Major constituents were: carvacrol, thymol, g-terpinene, r-cymene, borneol, methy carvacrol, 13-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineol+ limonene and Geraniol.Twenty-three constituents were common at two stages. Geranyl acetate and thymyl acetate were found just at BF stage and geranial, nerol, and thymodihydroquinone were foundjust at FF stage.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. which is cultivated in Research farm of medicinal plants in Cemnan city were collected on 29 May 2003 , and fresh plants materials essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation method in laboratory and pilot scale. Essential oils yield in laboratory and pilot scale were 0.4%, and 0.5%, respectively. Both samples were analysed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents were identified in laboratory sample were apinene (30.3%), 1,8-cineole (15.2%), terpin-l-ol (8.2%) and methyl chavicol (7.5%) and for pilot sample were a - pinene (30%), 1,8-cineole (12.2%), methyl chavicol (11.6%) and camphene (6.6%).

Gum arabic or gum acacia is oldest and best known of all the natural gums. Gum arabic is one of carbohydrat's gum group that is nutritive and demulcent, and exerts a soothing influence upon irritated or inflamed mucous tissues, by shielding them from the influence of deleterious agents, atmospheric air, etc In this investigation gum of acacia nilotica plaqt collected from farm of medicinal plant Research in Booshehr province for study quantitative and qualitative. In this study quantitative, determination of carbohydrate has done by Antron method by spectrophotometry (HITACHI 340 ) in 625 nm. The percent of total carbohydrates in gum arabic is 6.51 %. Also in this study qualitative specified that there are pentoses and hexoses and uronic acid in gum arabic by TLC method. In this method used- methylethylketone several reagentes and solventes that best is formic acid - tertiary butal1ol- water and anisidine - phthalic acid - ethanol.

To investigate different method of soil fertilization and their effects on physiological growth indices a filed experiment was carried out on Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Clmedicinal plant, in Alborz Research complex, (NPK), used in commercial agriculture systems, a mixture of different ratios of fertilizers and manure, used in intermediate systems as well as different levels of manure used in sustainable systems, with were in comparison to the control (no fertilizers and manure applied) that selection in three systems. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete blocks design with three replication. The physiological growth indices, such as dry matter, Leaf area index, and relative growth rate were determined. Dry matter and leaf area index in the intermediate system "20 tonha -1 of manure mixed with N=80, P=64 and K=80 kgha-1 of chemical fertilizers" pointed a noticeable increase during plant growth, compared to the methods. Seed yield increased %93.2, %14.1 and %8.6 related to control, chemical and organic systems respectively. In seed, the essential oil was %3.18 that increased %22.8 related to control and chemical system respectively and %10.8 related to organic systems. In the essential oil, anethole increased. Application of intermediate system improved soil physical, chemical and biologica properties and raised absorption of nutrient, plant canopy and light interception in agroecosystes.

Bunium persicum is an umbellifer with dormant seeds that is not cultivated in Iran. Since, the seeds of Bunium persicum have pharmacotical effects, termination of dormancy in these seeds is important. The study of phenology of Bunium persicum showed that the seeds germinated in sparing and required exposure to cold temperature before germination. Also, previous studies showed that some concentration of plant growth regulators overcome seed dormancy in this plant. In this research, effect of cold stratification with or whiteout above plant growth regulators in dormancy breaking of these seeds was investigated. In this work effect of stratification on dormancy breaking and induction of germination and combined effect(s) of hormonal treatments and stratification on breakage of seed dormancy were determined. To identify effect of stratification on seed dormancy, the seeds stored for 0,1, 2 ,3 , 4, 6 , 8 or 10weeks at 4°C in refrigerator and then transfer to favorable conditions for germination, and to study of combination effects of hormonal treatments and stratification, the seeds that exposed to 4°C for 4 weeks were subjected to kinetin, or benzyladenine (Oor 10-5mM ). Results showed that stratification is require for dormancy breaking in Bunium persicum seeds and increasing the duration of stratification increased germination. Also, combining stratification and benzyladenine promoted germination.

The genus Aloe has been placed in a family called Liliaceae. Aloe vera L. is a tropical or subtropical plant. The gel has been used for years in treatment of burns, wounds, skin irritation, fungual infection and eczema. The use and demand of aloe vera gel has expanded as a result of several stabilization prosses.The leaves of A.vera L. are collected from field of medicinal plants research of National Botanical Garden of Iran (NBGI). The fresh mucilaginous gel contained in the parenchymatous tissue in the center of the leaves, separated from them. The process including the steps of admixing with a heated, A. vera L. gel in the rang of 30°C to 70°C, then added the antioxident effective to prevent oxidation of said gel, adjustment of the gel to a pH in range of from 3 to 3.5, and cooling the gel, in rang of 15 to 20 minets. In 1935 (Tyler), the juce was recommended in treating third-degree X-ray burns.