IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Year:2002 | Volume:- | Issue:13|Papers Count:9

The genus of Matricaria chamomilla L. is one of the most important of medicinal plants used in medicinal and cosmetics industries. In pharmacogonosy, consideration of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of chamomile can be undertaken, to be clearly understod. Plant material were collected from three different locality, 1st sample from 22 Km away from Kazeroon city, and second sample from Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Tehran on end of May 2000 , and third sample from Hamedan city on end of July 2000, and all three samples essential oils obtained from flower heads by hydrodistillation method clevengar type. The essential oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Main components of sample were from Kazeroon: a-bisabolol (51 %), trans-trans-farnesol (17 %), cis-b-farnesene (11.5%), guaiazulene (4 %), and chamazulene (2.6%), from Hamedan: trans-trans- farnesol (39.7%), (X-bisabolol oxide 8(18.5%), guaiazulene(17%). and cis-b-farnesene (6.9%), and from Tehran: trans-trans-farnesol (66%), guaiazulene(16.2%), a-bisabolol oxide A (11%), and cis-b-farnesene(4.4%). A major compuend from Kazeroon sample was a-bisabolol, its reported to have anti-inflammatory, can used in our medicinal and cosmetics industries.

Hymenocrater elegans Bunge collected from Firoozkooh (Altitude:2400- 2500m.) in July 2000. The essential oil obtained from dry leaves of plant by steam distillation. No significant amount of the oil was observed on the upper layer of water. So the oil was extracted from water by adding diethyl ether.The extracted oil injected to GC and GC/MS. Thirty- nine major compounds (was higher than 0.1%) The maior constituents compoands were germacrene 0 (10.2%), b-caryophyllene (9.7%), a-humulene (9.6%), b- bourbonene (7.1%) and germacrene B(6.9%).

According to results of the investigation. Ferula galbaniflue Boiss. Syn. F.gumosa Boiss. Distributed in Lar watersheds (Lar valley) because of the climate, and Ferula persica Willed. Distributed in other watersheds, in Tehran province. 1- Ferula galbanifflua Boiss. And Buhse, Galbanum (Umbelliferae) syn. F. gumosa Boiss. Perennial herb. Iran. Turkestan. Source of Galbanum a gum-resinous exudation from wounds in the stems and roots. Composed of irregular masses or of tears, orange- brown to brownish black. Known in Iran as Ghasnih, and Barijeh. Much used medicinally as carminative, expectorant, antispasmodic. Contains an essential Oil a resin, Umbelliferon and galbaresinotannol.2- Ferula persica Willd. (Umbelliferae) Perennial herb. Caucasis, Iran, source. of sagapenum gum: sold in tears or cakes: locally used for rheumatism and lumbago.

The effects of chemical fertilizers on seed yelled of Echium amoenum, Were studied. The seed were planted in green house during autumn 1994. Plantlets transferred in the field in early spring. Fertilizer treatment (Urea and Super Phosphate Triple) used in a completely randomized block design with 16 treatment in 4 replication. Fertilizer increased seed yield and nitrogen had an important role on seed yield.

There are many inorganic elements in medicinal plants. These elements are useful for human body and growing of plants. Therefore measurement and determination of elements such Ca, Mg, Na, N, P, K is very important in plants. In this investigation, Echium amoenum petal is collected from Alborz Research farm station in karadj. In this study for determination of elements we used flam photometer, kjeltce, spectrophotometer apparatuses and titration method. Elements content of the plant were as follows Ca (4 ppm), Mg (1/8 ppm), Na (115/5 ppm), N (% 0/358), P (32/28 ppm) and K (46/54 ppm).

Quantity and quality of essential oil of Satureja laxillora G. koch was studied before and after flowering stages. Their antimicrobial activities investigated against Psudomonas aeruginosa, Esheirchia coli and Staphylococcus arouse and compared with Gentamicin and Tetracycline discs. Results indicated that the inhibitory effect of essential oil of plant before flowering stage was more active against Esherchia coli and Staphylococcus areous than Psudomonas aeruginosa. The essential oil after flowering stage had more activity on Psudomonas aeruginosa.

The seeds of cultivated Trachyspermum copticum L. Link collected in autumn from Research institute of Forests and Rangelands field and extracted by water distillation. The average of humidity was 3.8%. Analyses of essential oil were done by GC/MS which were resulted to identify 9 compounds which contains 100% of oil. Among the identified constituents, p- cymene (32.4%), g- terpinene (27.8%) and b- Pinene (1%) were the major constituents. The contents of phenolic compounds were less than those were reported by other scientists in different countries. It considers the soil ingredients, conditions and the methods of extraction were important on the essential oil contents.

In this consideration 36 aromatic plant species depending to labiates (Labiatae) family studied in Mazandaran province. The factors ecological studied in habitats aromatic plants were involved slope percentage, aspect, height, soil of texture, climate, yearly precpitation and temperature mean cover percentage, the best habitat with respect to abundance and density, vegetation types dispersion, companion plants of environmental conditions.Indicator plants of very cold mediterranean climate and over 3000 meter height are betony (Betonica nivea subsp mazandarana), motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca). Indicator plants of sub-dry cold climate (250-300 mm precipitation) are hymenocrater (Hymenocrater calycinus), hedge nettle (Stahys turcomanica), desert rod (Eremostachys macrophylla), (E.labiosiformis), field- basil (Ziziphora teniur), cat thyme (Teucrium chamaedrys). Indicator plants of humid climate are hedge are hedge nettle (Stachys persica), calaminth (Calamintha grandiflora). The greatest abundence of plants occurred in cold mediteranean cllimate. Indicator plant olluvial and slopy foothill is catmint (Nepeta saccharrata). Indicator plants of dislocated and bare foothill in forsts and woodlands are wild marjoram (Origanum vulgare), hedge nettle (sachys setifera), horehound (Marrubium vulgare). Indicator plants of edge small rivers are calaminth (Calamintha grandiflora), catmint (Nepeta cataria). Indicator plants of unutilized drylands between forest and ragelands are hedge nettle (stachys byzanthina).Indicator plants of little saline soils are hedge netlle (Stachys injlata) and afghan silver sage (pervoskia abrotanoides). The plant species such as hedge netlle (S.byzanthina, S.lavandulifolia), Thyme (Thymusspp), Catthyme (Teucrium polium) are very abundantand betony (Betonica nivea subsp mazandarana), hymenocrater (Hcalycinus. Helegans), desertrod (E.macrophylla, E.labiosiformis), calaminth (Calamintha ofJicinali5),hedge nettle (S.setifera) catmint (Nepeta cataria), field-basil (Ziziphora tenuior), catmint (Nepeta pungens) are rare plants species in Mazandaran.