KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH
Year:2012 | Volume:6 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Transplantation of the kidney is the choice treatment of advanced chronic renal failure. One of the most important therapeutic problems in these patients is the prevention of acute graft rejection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of low dose Daclizumab for prevention of acute kidney graft rejection in living donor recipients.Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 120 living donor kidney recipients who were admitted to kidney transplant ward of Kerman Afzalipour hospital. These patients were randomly assigned into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received Cyclosporine, Mycophenolate mofetil and Prednisolone plus Daclizumab at a dose of 1mg/kg before transplantation and then two weeks later. Other 60 patients received all above drugs except Daclizumab. All patients were followed up for at least 6 months for acute rejection, rejection episode time and the rate of infectious complications.Results: The rate of acute rejection was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (6.7% vs. 18.3%; P=0.048). The six-month graft survival rate in the intervention group was 95% and in the control group it was 85% (P=0.029). There was a significant difference in 6-month graft survival between the women of the intervention and control groups (97% vs. 74%; P=0.02) but no significant difference was observed between the men in the two groups (94% and 92%). The incidence of serious infection was similar in the two groups.Conclusion: The use of induction therapy with two doses of Daclizumab in living donor kidney recipients reduces the incidents of acute rejection with improving graft survival especially in women and does not result in more infectious complications.

Introduction: With regard to the interactions between brain and spleen, in this research, the effect of splenectomy on PTZ-induced epilepsy in Wistar rats was studied.Methods: In this study, 48 male and female wistar rats were used in 3 groups. Experimental groups for each of the two sexes included the negative control, positive control and splenectomy. Negative controls did not undergo surgery. The incision was created in the positive control group, but the spleen was not removed. The spleen was removed in splenectomy group. After seven days, PTZ was injected and the initiation time of different convulsive stages in terms of seconds and score of seizures in the three groups with the same gender were compared using one-way ANOVA.Results: Second stage of convulsive seizures in the splenectomy group of male rats in comparison with control groups decreased significantly. Fourth stage of seizure in female splenectomized rats in comparison with negative control group decreased significantly. Also score terms of seizures in both male and female rats were not significantly different in the three groups.Conclusion: Splenectomy intensifies PTZ-induced seizures in Wistar rats.

Introduction: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are integral membrane proteins and prototypic members of the ligand-gated ion-channel superfamily, which they mediate synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. This study investigated the effect of resistance training on the content of nAChR in slow and fast muscles of male Wistar rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 14 male Wistar rats (mean weight =220 ±15g) were randomly divided into two groups (control and resistance training) and they followed the training protocol for 12 weeks. Animals of the resistance group were housed in a metal cage with a wire-mesh tower, with two water bottles set at the top. Forty-eight hours after the last session of protocol, animals were anaesthetized. The soleus (as slow muscle) and anterior tibialis (AT, as fast muscle) were removed under sterile condition. For nAChR assay, ELISA kit was used. Independent- sample T test was used to analyze the data.Results: Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between control and resistance training groups in the nAChR of slow (P=0.001) and fast (P=0.001) muscles. Therefore, resistance training increases nAChR content in both slow and fast muscles. The results showed that there was not a significant difference among fast and slow twitch muscle’s nAChRs in resistance training group (P>0.05).Conclusion: The content of nAChR increased with resistance training protocol in the fast and slow muscles. It seems that resistance training can lead to the content of nAChR increase by accelerating synaptic transcription factors (such as CGRP) that contribute to synthesis and clustering of nAChR.

Introduction: Factors influencing diabetes prevalence and dysfunction of β- cells are not fully understood. In this study, we studied the effect of acute and long-term exercise training on β-cell function and on insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients.Methods: In this interventional study a total of 30 adult men with type 2 diabetes with mean age of 43 years were randomly assigned into the experimental group (exercise) or control group (detraining). Blood glucose, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were measured in fasting (overnight fast), immediately after an acute submaximal exercise and after a three month aerobic exercise in the experimental group. These variables also were measured in the control group at the same times. Anthropometrical indexes also were measured before and after study in all patients. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data.Results: Fasting glucose decreased and beta-cell function increased significantly in responses to acute and long-time exercise in experimental group (P<0.05). In addition, there was no significant change in insulin sensitivity in response to acute exercise (P³0.05), but increased significantly after long exercise training (P<0.05). All variables remained without change in control group.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that decrease in blood glucose concentration after exercise training in diabetic patients is due to improving in insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in these patients.

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a new evolution in the field of thought – excitement relationship, which has a major effect on the success of managers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and the success of educational managers at Golestan University of medical sciences.Methods: This study was conducted with all (n=96) educational managers (45 females and 51 males) at Golestan University of Medical Sciences who were selected through census method in 2009. Data collection tools included a demographic data questionnaire, Shring Emotional Intelligence Scale and a success questionnaire. Relationship between emotional intelligence of the educational managers and their success rate was analyzed by spearman correlation coefficient.Results: The findings showed that mean emotional intelligence of successful and unsuccessful managers were 98.74 and 76.74 respectively. The spearman correlation coefficient between emotional intelligence and success of managers was 0.71 which indicates a direct relationship between emotional intelligence and success (P<0.001).Conclusion: With regard to the direct relationship between emotional intelligence of managers and their success demonstrated in this study, organizing some workshops on emotional intelligence are suggested to improve the capabilities of organizational managers.

Introduction: As the literature indicates community-oriented midwifery can play an important role in woman health improvement. This study aimed at investigating midwives’ and midwifery students' awareness about and attitude toward community oriented midwifery in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences in 2009.Methods: In this cross sectional study, a self –made questionnaire including 20 items on awareness about and 25 items on attitude toward community oriented midwifery was used for data collection. The questionnaires were distributed among 102 midwifery students and midwives and 90 questionnaires were answered back. Awareness scores were categorized into three groups: low (less than 75), moderate (75-95) and high (more than 95) awareness scores, and attitude scores were categorized into three groups of negative (25-55), no idea (56-85) and positive (more than 85). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated using expert opinion and test- retest respectively.Results: Mean of attitude score was 95.8±10.4 and mean of awareness score was 89.8±12.1. There were no significant differences between midwives and midwifery students in their awareness and attitude (P>0.05). Awareness scores of midwifery student with continuous education were significantly higher than students that their education was non-continuous (P<0.05).Conclusion: Positive attitude towards community oriented among participants indicates the appropriacy of the background for any intervention to apply a community-oriented midwifery program. The moderate level of awareness scores in the sample population and their opinions about current educational programs imply the necessity of further specific education on community oriented midwifery.

Introduction: Increasing the volume of waste leads to an increase in waste collection, transportation and final removal costs. Also high percentage of humidity leads to the destruction of collection and transportation machines and to increasing the leachate produced in landfill site and polluting the soil and surface and underground water. So there are several attempts to solve these two problems. This study was to design and produce a unique bin which extracts, reduces and collects leachate from urban wastes and also reduces dry wastes volume.Methods: This applied study was conducted to design and produce an innovative indoor mechanical waste compactor for the first time in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences in Iran within 6 months of time and cost about 500 dollars. To test the effectiveness of the device, experiments (3 times) were performed using dry and wet wastes. After filling the tank with 18 liters of waste and triggering the force transmission crow (for moving compactor sheet) by a 30- year- old, 60-kilogram person, the humidity percentage and the volume before and after the compaction were measured.Results: This device is capable of making a notable decrease in volume of waste and separating waste humidity up to 45 percent of initial amount (in average). Repeating the experiment with dry waste also showed the capability of device up to 40 percent in waste volume (in average).Conclusion: This waste bin can extract, reduce and collect a lot of leachate from solid wastes and thus reduce its environmental impacts and remove problems of wastes collection process.

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the main health problems in diabetic patients. Nowadays, there are several ways for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, but some patients are still forced to amputation. A 45-year-old woman who had been suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus referred to Diabetes and Glands Clinic with a wound of the big toe, which was caused 3 months ago due to lack of healthy conditions. Her foot ulcer was under treatment with betadine and penicillin, but remained without healing, and therefore, she was referred to a surgeon for amputation. The aim of this study is to report this diabetic foot ulcer treatment with propolis and olive oil.Methods: When the patient referred to the clinic, she had a foot ulcer with 2 cm² wound size. After her presenting, the use of betadine and penicillin was halted, and treatment with propolis and olive oil began. The patient was advised to wash her ulcer with serum and put topical admixture on the wound and change it every 12 hours.Results: A week after treatment, ulcer healed completely.Conclusion: Propolis with olive oil can remedy diabetic foot ulcer.