Journal of Knowledge & Health in Basic Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:1 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:13

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of hospital and community-acquired infections. This bacterium possesses an accessory gene regulator (agr) that plays role in colonization, expression of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. It’s four major polypeptide with variable sequences lead to at least four agr type in S. aureus.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the antibiogram patterns with agr type of clinical S. aureus.Methods: Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from burn wounds was performed by phenotypic and genotypic profiles. The antibiotics resistance pattern was determined by disk agar diffusion (Tigecycline (TGC), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Erythromycin (E), Cloxacillin (CX), Clindamycin (CD), Imipenem (IMI), Co-trimoxazole (SXT), Kanamycin (K), Teicoplanin (TEC), Gentamicin (GM), Mupirocin (MUP), Ceftriaxone (CTR)). The agr typing by PCR-RFLP method using the Restriction endonuclease ScaI was performed and spss19 was used for data analysis.Results: The total of 76 MRSA isolates was studied. The agr type distribution was 75.6% Type I, 8.2% Type II, 5.4% Type III, 10.8% type IV. The most antibiotics resistant agr type belongs to the type I. There was no significance relationship between every agr type and antibiotics but only a statistically significant association exist between CX, E, CTR, SXT, GM, CIP antibiotics and all agr types (P<0.05).Conclusion: There was no significance relationship between every agr type and antibiotics but significant relationship observed between resistance to some antibiotics with all agr types could be related to the number and source of isolated bacteria or extra use of these antibiotics. By considering that agr locus belongs to upstream genes so it may use the Quorum Sensing (QS) system to induce the most drug resistance.

Introduction: Mood disorders, including major depression (MD), are among the most frequent psychological problems. Emotional intelligence which is an important component of mental health plays an important role in one's health; and also, by enhancing self-esteem, it is considered as a major source for support by which people can deal with negative events of every day life. The alexithymia Barrie might prevent a one’s emotion to be regulated and adjusted. The present study was aimed to assess emotional intelligence, self esteem and Alexithymia among women with majer depression disorder and and then compare them with normal women.Methods: The present work is a causal comparative study. We studied 60 women, including (30 women with majer depression and another 30 ones with normal conditions.), these participants were selected based on a conventional method from Rasol-Akram and nor- medical centers in spring and summer of 2014 (1393) in Shahrood, Iran. In order to analyze the data, we applied the following measuring tools: Sherink's Emotional Intelligence questionnaire, Cooper Smith' s, self-esteem Inventory, Toronto Alexithymia scale-20 (TAS-20) and Beck depression Inventory (BDI) and also several identical variances (MANOVA).Results: Based on the results, there are significant differences between depressed and normal women, specifically at the levels of emotional intelligence, self-esteem and Alexithymia (P<0.001).Conclusion: Considering our findings, we suggest the importance and significance of the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem and Alexithymia be taken into account in explaining depression. The findings in this work could be used in prevention and treatment of the programs.

Introduction: emotion regulation difficulty predicts development of disordered eating, but why emotion regulation difficulty may lead to disordered eating remains an unanswered question. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emotion regulation difficulty and its’ dimensions in predicting disordered eating among student.Methods: This cross-sectional study on 264 student of Allameh Tabataba’i University who were selected by multiple cluster sampling, was conducted. Participants responded to the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression.Results: Results showed that there was significant internal correlate between emotion regulation difficulty and its dimensions (excluding the positive refocusing) with disordered eating behaviors (P<0.01). Also, the results of stepwise regression analysis showed that of the dimensions of emotion regulation difficulty variable only catastrophizing, blame others and acceptance could significantly predict about 26% of the variance of disordered eating behaviors (P<0.01).Conclusion: This study results suggest the importance of emotion regulation difficulty in predicting disordered eating behaviors and this factor can explain the high degree of variability of disordered Eating.

Introduction: Despite many advances in medical technology still, many patients are faced with physiological stress associated with hemodialysis treatments. That causes severe side effects inpatients on them. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of effleurage massages as a non-drug approaching on intensity of physiological stress associated with treatment in hemodialysis patients.Methods: This Clinical-Trial study was conducted on 41 patients treated with hemodialysis (n=20 test), and (n=21 controls) in dialysis Centre of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Instruments were demographic questionnaire and hemodialysis stress scale (HSS) stress was recorded before and during the intervention in both groups. Massage therapy was performed in the test group for 12 sessions (20 min). Data were analyzed using SPSS software with Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Friedman and sign test. The significance level was (0.05).Results: Demographic data did not differ between two groups (P<0.05). Intensity of physiological stress associated with the treatment gradually decreased during the 4-weeks in experimental group. However, these changes were not observed in the control group, After the intervention reduced all physiological stress associated with the treatment in the intervention group (P>0.05). While the change in the control group were not statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Effleurage massage is effective in reducing Intensity of physiological stress associated with the treatment in hemodialysis patients. It is recommended that this procedure be done on a wider range of dialysis patients to determine the definite effect.

Introduction: Statins and exercise have beneficial effects in preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, prolonged use of statins particularly at high doses has unpleasant side effects. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of endurance training and three doses of Atorvastatin on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in male rats.Methods: 75 male wistar rats (weighing 210-250g) were randomly divided to 9 groups. Sham, control, endurance training, Atorvastatin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg), and exercise plus Atorvastatin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg): Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (150 mg/kg) in two consecutive days. Drug and training intervention was initiated 2 days after infarction and continued for 4 weeks. In order to assess the necrosis lesion and fibrosis tissue, hematoxylin & eosin and masson trichrome staining were used respectively.Results: The combination of endurance training and various doses of Atorvastatin significantly reduced the amount of necrosis and fibrosis tissue compared with the control group (P<0.01). Endurance exercise training alone did not cause significant changes in the extent of necrosis damage, but significantly increased fibrosis tissue compared with the control group (P<0.001). Various doses of Atorvastatin alone significantly reduced necrosis damage (P<0.001), but the difference between these groups and the control group in terms of fibrous tissue was statistically significant only at dose of 15 mg/kg (P<0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the combination of training and various doses of Atorvastatin are more effective in improving of tissue damage caused by myocardial infarction than exercise and Atorvastatin alone. However, the use of endurance training with medical therapy can not reduce the dose of Atorvastatin.

Introduction: Surfactants or surface active agents are organic chemicals that accumulate at the interface gas-liquid or liquid Wax, change the properties of water by reducing the surface tension of water, they speed up the cleaning process.Direct discharge of raw sewage or treated effluent, detergents into the environment and pollution, water resources and rising costs are reduced in quality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of Leca-containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles for the removal of the surfactant from wastewater.Methods: This study is an experiment one at which batch experiments were performed using a Photocatalytic reactor. To study the preparation and properties of catalytic adsorbent Leca to increase the efficiency of titanium dioxide (Tio2) was used. Parameters (3, 5, 7, 9, 11) pH, amount of adsorbent (0.25-2 g/L), surfactant concentration (25-200 mg/L) and contact time (15-120 min) was evaluated by Leca- corrective Adsorbent. Experiments on synthetic examples and in optimal conditions, on real samples were also performed. Surfactant concentration is measured with a spectrophotometer model (shimadzu UV-1800) was performed at a wavelength nm467.Results: The maximum removal of surfactant through Leca- modified in aqueous solutions of synthetic SDS in optimal conditions (contact time 30 min, pH=5, the value of 1 g/L of adsorbent and initial concentration of surfactant is 100 mg/L) at a rate of 98% in the same samples the actual result was 87%. The process of adsorption followed second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm data (R2=0.984) was more consistent.Conclusion: The results showed that the Leca-containing nanoparticles of titanium dioxide can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of anionic surfactants from aqueous solutions used.

Introduction: Assessment of microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines has been focused on because of high risk of dangerous infections in immunocompromised patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of water supply in dental unit water lines at Shahroud dental offices.Methods: In this descriptive analytical study we investigated 560 water samples collected from four parts of each unit including air/water syringe, turbine hand piece (before & after flushing), cup filler and 2 water sample collected from city water reservoir in Shahroud dental office during 2015. Water samples were taken on Saturdays (the first working day in a week) and Thursday (the last working day in a week), before and after treatment on the same units.Samples were transported in closed sterile containers to microbiology laboratory. All samples were incubated on blood agar and McCaskey plates for 72 hours at 37°C. Bacterial contamination was then evaluated. All samples were analyzed for legionella. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test.Results: Total mean bacterial count was 4671 cfu/ml. Mean bacterial contamination on Saturdays (6320 cfu/ml) were higher than Thursdays (3860 cfu/ml). Mean bacterial contamination before treatment was (4050 cfu/ml) less than the end of treatment (6250 cfu/ml) on the same unit. Mean bacterial contaminations of self-Dental Office was higher than other clinics Conclusion: The result of this study demonstrated that microbiological level of dental unit waterlines is high. The dentists must be aware of the high level of microorganisms in the dental unit’s water and thus minimize the risk of infection in both staff and patients.

Introduction: It has been shown that long term swimming exercise leads to anemia. Therefore the aim of the present study was the effect of vitamin C supplement and maximal and submaximal swimming exercise on anemia in without iron deficiency rats.Methods: For this purpose, 60 male wistar rats (6-8 week age and 170 -190 g weight) were divided into 6 groups: 1: Control rats (Con, n=10) 2: Vitamin C supplementation (Con+C, n=10) 3: Submaximal swimming (S, n=10) 4: Submaximal swimming+Vitamin C (S+C, n=10) 5: Maximal swimming (M, n=10) and 6: Maximal swimming and Vitamin C (M+C, n=10). Swimming training lasted for 10 weeks (5 day per week) for 60 min day−1. Rats in the vitamin Ctreated groups drank water containing 0.1% Vitamin C. Submaximal and maximal exercise training carried out for 1and 3 hours per session.5 cc blood sample was take from vena cava vein for the determine serum levels of anemia indices (serum iron, Ferritin, TIBC, Hct, Hb, reticulocytes, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC).Results: Statistical analysis showed that the serum iron, ferritin, TIBC and MCV were not significantly different between groups. Reticulocytes in Con+C and S+C groups decreased significantly. Also, RBC and Hct decreased significantly in S and S+C groups, but Hb increased in S group in compared with the other groups. In this regard, MCH and MCHC significantly increased in S and S+C groups.Conclusion: 10 week submaximal swimming exercise increased Hb, MCH and MCHC but have no effect on serum iron, Ferritin and TIBC in without iron deficiency rats.On the other hand, high intensity swimming training had no effect on anemia indices.0.1 % Vitamin C supplement and swimming training despite an insignificant increased in ferritin has not effected on iron status in without iron deficiency rats.

Introduction: Control of the phosphorus in dialysis’ patients is very important and can be done in many ways. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of Nicotinic acid (Niacin) and Sevelamer on the serum phosphorus of hemodialysis patients.Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study includes two groups: 60 patients (taking Niacin) and 60 patients control groups (taking Sevelamer).Niacin dose was increasing monthly in three steps from 200 to 600 mg and Sevelamer from 400 to 1200 mg. Serum phosphorus was measured in the both groups and the results were compared. In this study P<0.05 was significant.Results: A total of 120 patients attending in this study, mean age of case group were 51.5 ± 21.3 years and control group was 50.7 ± 22.5 years that no have difference. Phosphor level in starter study in case group was 6.67±1.37 mg/dl and control group was 6.77±0.95 mg/dl that no has difference. Niacin significantly decreased the blood phosphorus levels (P<0.001) that with increasing the dose of niacin, this decreasing was more than Sevelamer.Conclusion: Nicotinic acid can decrease serum phosphorous; however, it is need a longer trial study for determining the most effective doses of the Nicotinic acid.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of education on health belief model on preventive behaviors of domestic violence among female secondary school students in Tehran.Methods: 242 female students in high schools of Tehran were divided randomly into two groups (intervention and control).Data collection tool were a questionnaire composed of demographic information and health belief model structures before the intervention, a pre-test was performed, and then based on the results of a training program about domestic violence, and intervention was conducted in intervention group.3 months after the intervention, the same questionnaires were given to fill out. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi-Square, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: The results showed that scores of knowledge (P=0.324), attitude (P>0.05) and practice (P=0.758) in both intervention and control groups were not significantly different before training, but after training, knowledge scores and in the case of health belief model scores of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers and performance significant difference was observed (P<0.001) but in the case of operation (P=0.837) and efficacy (P=0.262) the difference was not significant statistically.Conclusions: The results of this study showed the effect of education on health belief model on awareness, perceptions, attitude and practice of students about domestic violence about preventive behaviors. A training program based on this model for female students in all academic courses was proposed to be implemented.