JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Year:2009 | Volume:19 | Issue:61|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Colonoscopy is a method of endoscopy of lower gastrointestinal system which needs proper colon preparation that allows proper assessment, diagnosis and treatment. There are different methods of bowel preparation available. Therefore more research by critical nurses can result in better care.Objective: The aim of present study is to compare the routine method (Castor oil and Bisacodyl tablet) and oral sodium phosphate on the level of patient’s acceptance in patient undergoing colonoscopy.Methods: This is a Quasi-experimental study, which was done on 90 out patient candidates for colonoscopy referring to Razi-educational center. Samples were randomly chosen on the visit day and divided to 2 groups of experiment and control. Data collection instrument included a demographic questionnaire and a checklist to assess the level of patient’s acceptance and bowel preparation. Primarily demographic data form was filled at that time, and then intervention was done for two groups with 45 samples. The patient acceptance checklist was filled by interview method on the day of performing colonoscopy procedure.Results: Finding indicated that patient’s acceptance was better with oral sodium phosphate and chisquare and Fisher’s exact tests showed a significant difference on the level of patient’s acceptance (p<0.000).Conclusion: According to this result oral liquid sodium phosphate has caused better acceptance compared with routine regimes (Castor oil and Bisacodyl tablet) in patients under colonoscopy.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a common chronic psychiatric disease which can result in personal social problems. Recently, quality of life (QOL) is considered as an important measure of the impacts of schizophrenia and its treatment, and can be useful in proper planning.Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare QOL in schizophrenic patients and healthy people in Rasht city.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive survey that was done on 52 patients with schizophrenia visiting outpatient clinic in Shafa hospital which were selected by convenience sampling. Also 153 healthy people in Rasht were selected randomly by cluster method. Data collection instrument was a 3- part questionnaire consisting 1) personal-social questionnaire, 2) WHO 28-item QOL questionnaire, and 3) mental status assess form. Third tool was specially used for patient group. Data gathered by face-to-face interview and analyzed by SPSS.Results: The finding indicated that mean score of QOL and all of its domains consisting general, physical, psychiatric, social relationship, and environmental was lower in schizophrenic patients (83.03- 6.42- 22.19- 25.15- 6.22, and 23.05 respectively) comparing to healthy people (90.49, 7.26, 25.87, 27.62, 7.16, and 23.19). There was statistically significant difference between schizophrenic patient's and healthy people's QOL (P=0/0001), and it's general (P=0/006), physical (P=0/0001), psychiatric (P=0/001), and social relationship (P=0/015) domains according to independent-t test results.Conclusion: According to this result, schizophrenic clients, even with better mental status, have lower QOL level than healthy people that need special attention to improve their post-discharge treatment and care.

Introduction: It is estimated that over 70% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with intense physical changes in the ability to perform usual roles that may have an adverse effect on quality of life (QOL).Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and to determine the relationship between nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and quality of life in various weeks of pregnancy.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research that was carried out in three governmental hospitals. Demographic variables and health related quality of life for nausea and vomiting questionnaire were used. Rohdes index was used to determine the severity of nausea and vomiting.Results: According to the findings, an increase in gestational age was correlated with decreasing of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). The overall scores of NVP at 4-7 weeks was significantly higher than at 16-19 and 20-22 weeks (P<0.0001). The physical scores of quality of life were significantly correlated with the overall scores of NVP and nausea and vomiting at 4-7, 12-15 and 16-19 weeks. There was a significant relationship between the severity of vomiting and decreasing quality of life at all weeks in all gestational weeks.Conclusion: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy can especially decrease the quality of life during pregnancy, specially in physical domain.

Introduction: Intravenous catheter despite its high value to deliver fluids and electrolytes has side effects such as phlebitis that is a serious risk for patient.Objective: This study aims to determine prevalence of peripheral intravenous catheter – induced phlebitis.Methods: In This descriptive study, 100 hospitalized children in medical and infectious wards of 17 Shahrivar hospital in order of entry to IV Room were selected and examined during 72 hours. The data collection instrument consisted of a three part questionnaire including demographic information (sex, age, type of illness), information on patients status (serum type, intravenous catheter size, the amount of serum received in 24 hours, place of catheter, medications or other elements received through the catheter and child, s activity level), phlebitis degree check list (from zero, meaning the lack phlebitis, to four, by phlebitis size more than 7/5 cm above the injection site) and the time of phlebitis occurrence was used. Data analyzed in SPSS software by descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution and Chi- square test.Results: The results showed that 50 percent of children were boys. The majority of them (41%) were under one year old. Seventy-five percent of children were suffering from infectious diseases.Serum D/W 5% was used in 81 percent of children, serum intake, of 42 percent of children in 24 hours was 200c c. Only 19 percent of children needed complete bed rest, the most common injection site (43%) was the back of hand, 89 percent of samples suffered from phlebitis, that majority of them (43%) occurred in second day. There were a significant relationship between phlebitis complication and duration of catheter in place (p<0001) and child activity (p<008) according to X2 test results.Conclusion: The result of research showed that only 11 percent of children did not have phlebitis so the prevalence of this problem and its relationship with duration use of catheter and child activity needs more attention regarding prevention of phlebitis thus broader studies in this area is recommended.

Introduction: The parenting styles used in different periods of childhood can have an effect on child personality evolution. Child and parents relationship in addition to comfort provision and feeling reinforcement like trust, confidence, security and independence, can be a predisposing factor for physical, psychological and especially social growth and maturity or vice versa in adolescence.Objective: This study was conducted to determine parenting styles in parents with adolescence in Rasht.Methods: The present study is a descriptive study in which 150 adolescents between 14-16 years old were selected by cluster sampling from Rasht high schools. Data collection instrument consisted of a two parts questionnaire including adolescent and family demographic information and parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) for measuring mother and father´s relationship quality that were completed by adolescents and analyzed by SPSS 15.Results: The findings showed that mean and standard deviation of care and protection were 15.39±3.68 and 16.63±4.22 in fathers, and 13.45±4.22 and 14.40±4.81 in mothers respectively and parents based on instrument grading had "Affectionless control".Conclusion: The results showed that parents were cool with children. They inhibit children's independence and progress by overprotection and low care. This can be due to lack of knowledge related to parent’s relationship and good parenting styles in different periods of growth and development and irrecoverable complication on adolescent future life that highlights public education necessity before having children based on structural planning for parenting.

Introduction: Cancer is one of child diseases that has an incidence of 129 in 1 million children and is still second reason for death of 1-14 years old children. The children who died because of cancer lost an average of 69.5 years of life time. Therefore, identification of personal and disease characteristics may be a way for facilitating cancer prevention in children.Objective: This study was conducted to determine personal and disease characteristics of children with cancer.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 80 children with cancer hospitalized in oncology ward of 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht between Farvardin 1380 to Esfand 1384 which was selected by convenience sampling. Data collection instrument consisted of two parts questionnaire including demographic and disease characteristics. Data were collected by observation and documentation of patient’s records and analyzed by SPSS software.Results: The finding showed that majority of children was 5-9 years old (47.25%), boy (60%), was born with NVD (97.5%), and was city resident (65%).72.5 percent of parents had 1-2 children. The majority of samples had fathers with Diploma (57.5%) that half of them were worker. Also majority of hospitalized children had ALL (53.75%) and Lymphoma (11.25%). Only 7.5 percent of them mentioned a positive familial history of cancer.48.25 percent of children hospitalized between 1-9 times and the majority (32.5%) of them had intra spine chemotherapy for 0-5 times.45 percent of children died by the time sampling done.Conclusion: This research showed that Hematologic cancers had highest incidence that have high mortality rate contrast by recent treatment and diagnostic methods improvement. Capability for this physical severe disease and the nurses can use education, consulting and supporting roles to access these goals.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a serious disease of humans, caused by different strains of the bacteria Leptospira. The disease in humans can include pregnant mothers with poor outcomes such as intrauterine fetal death, abortion, and delivery of a newborn with signs of congenital leptospirosis. Moreover, due to overlapping signs and symptoms, leptospirosis is often difficult to distinguish from HELLP syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of pregnancy. Therefore, it's necessary to assess the effect of leptospirosis on pregnancy outcome in human.Objective: The goal of this study was to review the articles relating to leptospirosis and pregnancy outcomes.Methods: Data were gathered via a number of electronic databases and books.Results: Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In tropical regions, the infection is endemic, while in industrialized countries, the disease is rare. Leptospirosis is difficult to distinguish from many other diseases in humans. Human infection may be subclinical or present with a wide spectrum of symptoms. Common symptoms in humans are similar to influenza and include headache, joint and muscular ache and pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, sweating, high fever. Researches have reported few cases in pregnant women and the effect on prenatal outcome. Intrauterine fetal death, abortion, delivery of a newborn with signs of congenital leptospirosis, and developmental abnormality has all been reported. It has been proven that the bacteria can pass to a baby via breast milk. It has also been detected in placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood. Where the mother has suffered a severe illness the cytotoxic impact of leptospires combined with hemorrhagia and pyrexia can be a primary cause of fetal mortality, usually via placental ischaemia.Conclusion: While leptospirosis is rare in pregnancy, we should consider this infection in pregnant women developing acute liver dysfunction or acute infection without fever, besides HELLP syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy.

Medical science experts have reached scientific and technological improvements in recent decades and have turned surgery into a routine treatment by controlling its complications. Cumulative changes in surgery resulted in decreased pain and discomfort and controlled complications. The developmental path and changes have resulted in endoscopic with minimal invasive surgery (MIS) in which only few small incisions are made on the body and surgery is done through video control which otherwise required more and larger incision with more complication. But this method with all the usefulness has some problems such as discrepancy between surgeon's eye and hand, indirect and two dimensional vision, limited degree of freedom of instruments and surgeon's fatigue. In addition this type of surgery needs complete education and skill. The sum of these factors limits the use of MIS. In order to overcome these problems, robotic surgery m MIS, a few small incisions are made and surgery method is invented. In this method like n is able to perform the surgery from a distance by a three dimension vision by controlling the arms of robots which are similar to the movements of human and are placed around the table of surgery. Despite all the benefits of this method, its high cost limits its use. Although it's hopeful that with the improvements of this method and its usefulness, the costs will decrease.