JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Year:2012 | Volume:22 | Issue:1 (67)|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Promotion of general self-efficacy after a cardiovascular event is the outcome that plays a pivotal role in increasing rehabilitation skills to modify healthy behaviors. Having desirable illness perception may have promoted this capability.Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between perception of illness and general self-efficacy in coronary artery disease patients. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 195 patients with coronary artery disease, chosen by simple sampling method, were asked to complete questionnaires of perception of illness and general self efficacy. Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between dependent and independent variables and associated factors in coronary artery disease patients' general self-efficacy.Results: Findings of this study revealed that 74.9% of samples had desirable general self-efficacy. In most cases (73.8%) the level of perception of illness was satisfactory. Survey of variables indicated a significant relationship between perception of illness and age, level of education, occupation status, and previous training regarding self-care. General self-efficacy was significantly related to age, gender, marital status, education level, diagnosis of cardiac disease, living conditions, occupation status, previous training regarding self-care (p<0.05). In addition chi-square test indicated that there was a significant correlation between perception of illness and general self-efficacy in coronary artery disease patients. Conclusion: Designing clinical educational programs and nursing interventions is effective in improving illness perception and also promotion of patients' general self-efficacy for better self-care.

Introduction: Burn is one of the most important incidents that threaten children's health and it is the most common and the third reason of mortalities in children as well.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of burn children in Guilan province.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 one to six year old children who were admitted to Velayat Burn Center. Sampling method was sequential. The instrument was categorized into two sections including: a) participants' demographic information and b) clinical information which were collected by interview, Results: The research findings revealed that the majority of participants were boys (52%) and the mean of their age was calculated as 30.6±2.18 month. 79.4 % of burns happened by hot liquid, and 32.6% of them had burned lower limbs. 78.9% had first aid at home. Most of burns happened on workdays (60.6%) at 5_8 in the evening (26.9%). Conclusions: In brief, the result of this research can be used in children burn prevention programs in Guilan. Due to the fact that majority of participants received first aid at homes, a training course about the effects of first aid and different kinds of it seems to be useful.

Introduction: Cesarean section is the most common surgery among women. According to World Health Organization, the rate of cesarean section in each area should not exceed 10–15 percent. In our country, one of the targets in maternal health program is reducing the rate of unnecessary cesarean delivery to 25 percent by 2015.Objective: This study was designed to determine the causes recorded by the physician to perform a cesarean section in an educational-care center in Rasht/Iran.Methods: In this descriptive study, we used a questionnaire based on the particular research setting to collect the necessary data according to physicians' written statements from 600 cases via a simple random sampling in a referral educational health care center specialist in obstetrics and gynecology in Rasht. Data were analyzed by using statistical software and descriptive statistics.Results: The highest frequency of cesarean section was in the age group 20-29 years. 83 percent of mothers had their first or second pregnancy. In this educational center 63.38 percent of deliveries were performed by Caesarean during 2004 and 2005. The most common causes recorded by the physician to perform a cesarean section were respectively fetal distress (42.7%), repeated cesarean section (20.3%), cephalopelvic disproportion (10.7%), meconium stained (8.2%), breech presentation (7.5%), placenta previa (1.8%) and lack of progress in labor (1.8%).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the frequency of cesarean section in this center in 2004 and 2005 was high compared with the standards. It seems that the study of causes of cesarean and its results may help the authorities to plan some strategies on behalf of reducing the number of unnecessary cesarean birth.

Introduction: Health care associated infections (HCAIs) are among challenges to health care facilities. Hand hygiene is well known as the most efficient, cost benefit and simplest technique for decreasing these infections. In operating room, surgical procedures as invasive techniques affects patients more than patients in other wards. Hence hand hygiene compliance has a substantial importance in these units. Objective: This study aims to determine the level of hand hygiene compliance by operating room personnel of Hamadan Educational Hospitals. Methods: The study sample included all surgical operating room nurses of educational hospitals of  Hamadan. A ten item check list which included all hand hygiene compliance by operating room team was used for data collection. Each study sample was observed four times and totally 296 operating room nurses were observed. Results: Mean score of general hand hygiene was 61.3% of total score. In most samples (53%) the quality of general hand hygiene performance was average and mean score of general hand hygiene in Besat, Maternity and ekbatan hospital respectively were 60.1%, 64.5% and 62.3% of total score. There was no significant difference between mean score and different hospitals, type of surgery and personel level of education. The least compliance with hand hygiene was regarding hand wash with soap before (4.4%) and after (12.5%) patient care and after removing gloves (10.8%). Also most of samples (67.9%) wear gloves for patient care. Conclusion: In this study average score of general hand hygiene were greater than 50% (61.3%) of total score but what is of importance is the non compliance with hand washing before and after patient care (although it is among most important and effective means of prevention of micro organism transmission). In addition due to the importance of complete compliance of hand hygiene, it is essential to implement all necessary measures.

Introduction: Information about the nature of disease decreases the anxiety and unusual behaviors of parents specially mothers, and reduces their problems in recurrence of disease, which occurs in at least 30% of cases. Parents want correct information about the status of their hospitalized child and also want to be involved in their child's care and expect health care providers to let them know about the expected changes that may occur in children's physical condition. Objective: The present study aims to determine the effect of family centered care on meeting parental information needs of hospitalized children. Methods: In this quasi experimental study, 76 mothers of hospitalized children admitted to emergency ward of 17Shahrivar educational hospitals in Rasht were chosen by sequential sampling and divided into two groups of experimental and control group. Informed consent forms were given to selected mothers and after their agreement, family centered care was performed for experimental group based on developed protocol with participation of mothers. The control group received routine cares.Results: Research findings showed that the level of meeting parental needs for information was %21.1 in control group and % 81.6 in experimental group. The t-test (p<0.0001, t=6.922 df=74) showed significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: According to the study results family centered care was effective on the level of meeting parents need for information and also lead to its increase.

Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important risk factors of noninfectious diseases. The period of studying at the university, with its specific characteristics from the view point of health politicians, is one of a great importance in regard to the prevention of smoking. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among male student in Guilan University of Medical sciences and its related factors.Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done on male students enrolled in Guilan University of Medical Sciences who were selected through systematic sampling. Data gathering was done by using a questionnaire including demographic features and cigarette smoking variables. Data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square and logistic regression. Results: 51 students (23%) were current smokers. There was a positive relation between age (OR=1.32), having close smoking friends (OR=3.36) and mothers with high education (OR=7.5) with cigarette smoking in students (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of cigarette smoking among university students, it appears logical to implement educational programs and proper interventions at university level.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common invasive cancers, and is responsible for physical and psychosocial morbidity. Therefore, Quality of Life (QOL) is an important outcome for these patients. Although extensive research has examined QOL in patients with colorectal cancer, less research has examined factors that predict QOL. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the predictive factors of QOL in patients with colorectal cancer.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed 110 patients with colorectal cancer who referred to Razi hospital. Data were collected by interview with patients and review of medical records. Health related QOL was evaluated by SF-36. The Data were analyzed with descriptive and deductive statistic methods (Generalized Linear Models) at a<0.05 using SPSSv.16 software.Results: Out of 110 patients with colorectal cancer, 58.2 % of them were men. Mean age of patients was 58.33±12.39 years. Mean of Karnofsky performance status was 87.64±9.27 and mean of comorbidity was 1.31±1.89. Mean of health related QOL was 70.92±15.56. In regression analysis gender, job status, living condition, insurance, hospitalization number, performance status and comorbidity were predictors of health related QOL in patients with colorectal cancer.Conclusion: Predictors of health related QOL was socio-demographic factors included gender, job status, living condition, insurance and health/disease factors included hospitalization number, comorbidity and performance status in patients with colorectal cancer.

As stated in the first part of article, we have stated the four major philosophical paradigms which make up the basis for knowledge (epistemology), the nature and reality (ontology) and the acquisition methods of knowledge (methodology). Thus, according to each paradigm, approach to knowledge is determined. In a more general category, we have two quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Today that method is called quantitative or scientific method, derived from positivism. On this basis, only the experimental scientific method is valid method of research. On the other hand, qualitative methods focused on natural position, therefore, these studies are sometimes called naturalistic study.Since paradigmatic confrontation occurs in fundamental questions of each paradigm, researchers use different sources to determine two paradigms' answer to basic questions, and tables are made to comprise them. Finally the importance of each was emphasized.