GOLJAAM
Year:2008 | Volume:- | Issue:9|Papers Count:8

Tenth and Eleventh (A.H.) centuries are in line with resuming the glory and magnitude of Persian Art. Craftworks (handicrafts) including carpet, attained a great status and dignity comparing the past in the light of this revolution, and find a completely new place for itself. This important issue became a start and turning point in forming original patterns and models and creating new compositions in the design of the carpets and also strengthened the basis of the carpet designing for coming eras. It seems that such phenomenon was due to the novelties and innovations that occurred in the design and pattern of hand-knitted craftworks especially in relation to carpet and caused the prosperity of Safavid carpet. This article tries to investigate the ground and means of such innovation and revolution in the designs and patterns of the carpet of this golden era by providing internal and external indications in this regard.

Fars is one of the most important areas in kilim rugs and carpet production in Iran. Among the important reasons for variety and multiplicity of kilim rugs in Fars era, is the fact that here Turks and Fars people live together. This article has focused on the motif of Swastika or Broken Cross (Mehraneh in Persian) in these handsknitted products. This paper aims to study the symbolic language of this motif through the time and its appearance in Qashqa'i carpets. Due to the multiplicity of the appearance of this motif, the current paper is not only concerned with the language of this symbol and its implications in Qashqa'i hand-kitted products, but also the role of Mehraneh through time in different cultures and religions. Some semiotic means have been employed herein. From viewpoint of the objective of the research, this is a fundamental one which explains the characteristics of this motif by exploring and discovering truths, realities and gaining knowledge about this motif. However, this paper is descriptive and historical for its nature and method. In other words, the common and general characteristics of this motif can be explained and orderly described by using original and referable documents and evidences. Also it will be possible to study their specifications, consider the relations of variables (if necessary) and recognize the characteristics of Swastika motif and its application in Qashqa'i carpets. The sources are visual, verbal and written.

The hunting & animal patterns is indeed one of the most important& effective motifs which can be seen in Persian Art since ancient times. For a long period of time, these motifs (which include religious & old mythological concepts, and tell about the geographical & natural human being environment, as well as his own desires, his domineeringness, and struggle for survival), have been designed & accomplished in various subjects and to their perfections by man of those ages in different arts. The importance of the hunting & animal motifs has caused these particular motifs to be repeated at any age. Meanwhile these repeated patterns have kept their own concepts & specifications regarding the variety of animals and compositions and at the same time have been rendered in innovative styles. This paper is trying to deal with one of the hunting & animals patterns in Persian Art namely: "Catch &Take" pattern. It also introduces some samples from the ancient ages till Safavid era, and finally the manifestation of these patterns from viewpoint of verity of animals & compositions have been studied in some carpets of Safavid era.

In Persian culture, carpet is the most important formal image expression of "Garden", next to its architectural manifestation. Nowadays, while the historical gardens have already been destroyed by nature or man and lack of documents is dominant, garden's representation in garden-carpets enables researchers to study the history of Persian gardens. This paper, analyzes Persian garden-carpet in order to re-think the Persian garden concentrated order, according to the theories of environmental psychology. Main purpose of this study is to find the relationship between "Persian gardens' architectural order", "Garden- carpets" and "Gardens' effects on Man's mental health" with emphasis on the Theory of "Environmental Ecological Perception". Recognition of "perception-conception order" in Persian garden and garden-carpets is one of the results of this study.

In addition to medical recognition applications, X-ray CT-scan images are increasingly found to have more innovative and widespread applications. Due to the ability of producing high resolution and high contrast images from soft tissues with low attenuation coefficients, the usage of X-ray micro-focus source, which has a very small focal point (in the range of micrometer), plays an important role in those new applications. Since employing non-original knots in hand-knitted carpet reduces the carpet quality and the originality of knots cannot be visually recognized, in this research, a method has been introduced for recognition of the 3D structure of hand-knitted carpet using CT-scan images provided by microfocus X-ray source. The images obtained by inverse Radon transform can even show the smallest units in the inner structure of the finest hand-knitted carpets. This method is a powerful device to recognize the originality, to inspect the structure and to study the impacts of different parameters on the structure of hand-knitted carpets and also for other applications which need scrutiny of 3D textiles.

UV irradiation was known as an important factor for skin cancer and also textile fibers and dyes degradation. UV rays have high energy photons degrading dyes and fibers causing fading and rotting of textiles when they are exposed to sunlight. The sun blocking properties of a textile are enhanced when a dye, pigment, delustrant, or UV absorber is present which absorbs UV radiation and releases heat. They block the transmission of UV and inhibit the dye and fiber exposure. In this study, natural dye of madder with different mordants and two organic acids including: tannic acid and citric acid were selected for dyeing wool. Impacts of tanninc acid and madder on UV transmission were investigated. Also the effects of madder on protecting fabrics against UV were determined by measuring their tensile strength. The results indicate that tannic acid has positive influences on blocking UV and even increasing the tensile strength. The results also reveal that silver nitrate and copper sulphate are the best UV blocking among others. Finally, the wool fabric sample treated with silver nitrate and dyed with madder along with tannic acid exhibits the highest protection against UV.

Proper and rational collecting, classifying and regular reporting of financial data in a manufacturing unit requires establishing an appropriate and compiled cost accounting data system so that based on these reports, the managers of the manufacturing units can make their decisions for planning, control of production and also cost reduction. Since the hand-knitted carpet industry is a competitor one, so a financial data system and especially a cost accounting system are required to preserve its situation in the marketplace and to plan for future. The objective of this research is to provide an appropriate template for determining the cost of carpet industry (hand-knitted carpets) to be employed in the cost accounting system. This will provide the necessary information for managers of the carpet manufacturing units. The material for this paper has been collected by library and field research methods including: learning the stages of carpet manufacturing, theoretical accounting fundamentals, and cost analysis templates research. The Delphi test method has been utilized and results have been presented to the specialists for review. A related questionnaire has also been provided along with the results to collect the reviewers' opinions. This process has been followed until a common and stable result has been attained.