Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research
Year:2001 | Volume:- | Issue:7|Papers Count:8

In order to establish a pest management program on poplar in IRAN, several studies have been carried out since 11985. These works were reviewed in this paper and summarized as follow: 1- In different class, orders and families were collected and identified and up to 200 species: from different class, orders and families were determined. Some of these collected arthropod's are pests of poplar and the others are either enthomophagous feeding on the other insects or theirs ecological roles in not defined.2- The most important pests of poplar in northern provinces of Iran were determined as, Capnodis miliaris miliaris Klug, Paranthrane tabaniformis Rott, Monosteira unicostata (Muls. & Rey). Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch, Melasoma populi L, Gypsonoma aceriana, Nycteola asiatica, Ceruuura vinula, Steraunematus compressicornis.1- The biology, life history, feeding behavior, number of generation and seasonal population dynamic of some important pests as; Capnodis miliaris, Paaranthrane tabaniformis Rott, Monosteira unicostata and Melasoma poppuli were studied.2- A great deal of insects, spiders and mites with predatory or parasitic role on their insect hosts were collected and identified. These entomophgous insects belong to insect's families as, Coccinellidaae, Chrysopidae, Miridaee and Anthocoridae. The efficiency of Chrysoperla camea, on Monosteira unicostata and Schizonotus sieboldiRatzeburg on Melasoma populi were studied.Fields and laboratories studies on the methods of pests control such as poplar clonal resistance against major’s insect’s pests as, Paraanthrane tabaniformis Rott were carried out in this regions. In the base of these experiments, poplar resistant colons can be used as the main method for controlling poplar pests in IRAN. Mecanical, cultural, biological, use of light traps and the use of biorational products are the others elements of poplar pest management in IRAN. This poplar pest management program will be completed by using efficient beiogical agent and resistant poplar clones against the most destructive pests of poplar.

The cultivation of poplars supplies some of countries demands of wood. Thus, they have an important role to reduce the pressure on forests. The poplar plantation along the Zanjan - Rood river banks are in valuable. This project was prepared and executed to get information about the structure, variety and growth rate of the poplar plantations. At first, after exploration of the area, the map of the poplar cultivation in the area was prepared. There are 98 discrete poplar plantations between the village of Kooshkan and Nickpay. Then, on the basis of a statistical plan, 56 plote 300m2 in area were picked through the area by the" PPS" method. Various data were collected from these. After analysis and processing of the information variable were calculate regression charts provided, and these results were concluded:- 90% of poplars plantation consist of the two species of P.nigra var "pubescens" (60%) and P.alba cv "shirazi" (30%).- The average volume of these plantations is 270m3 and about 1100 tree per hectare with a diameter grater than 8 centimeter. The shortage of young trees in the area is very obvious, and the future of the cultivation of poplars the area is danger. The trees in the P.alba plantation have a better condition than these in the P.nigra plantation regarding features like, diameter, height, cylindrical form, elongation of trunk, few number of branch excrescence of the trunk, form and thickness of the bark, ...- The trees of the P. alba have 2.5m3 of volume with the diameter of 50cm and height of 25m, while trees of the P.nigra with these dimensions are just 1.6m3 in volume.Totally, the area is capable of being converted to a plantation of poplars center. It is necessary to in traduce the new method of cultivation, and agriculture, by through survey and coherent planning and management. It is also need to give the urgent supports of poplar farmers in long time plans.

In order to evaluation and comparison of ecological and genetic characteristics of Terebinth tree (Pistacia atlantica) populations in Kurdestan province, 13 sampling areas (and 30 femal trees in each area) were selected and evaluated in 2 years time (1996- 1997).The resulted data were analysed based on the completely Randomized Design model and means were compared by Dancans test at a£0.05. For determination of relations between characters the correlation coefficients calculated and for grouping of areas on the basis the studied characteristics, cluster analysis were accomplished.The studied areas for all of genetic characterostics (unless cluster length) showed significant differences at a£0.01 (for leaflet weight at a£0.05). As a general rule Terebinth trees of forest zones (Maryvan and Baneh in Kurdestan) for all characteristics of leaf, leaflet and fruits distances were upper than the other zones.It seems as though smallness and narrowing of leaflets in cold and dry zones is a one of the resistance mechanism to drought. The Terebinth tree seeds of Abdulmomonen (Saghez), Dezli (Maryvan) and Khorriabad (Baneh) with lower seedless percentage (%57.83, %66.33 and %66.83 respectively) and attentive to high 100 seeds weight mean of them, are suitable for afforestation.

Beech (Fagus orientalis) is one of the most valuable species in Hyracanica forests which contains 26% of standing volume. A National project was planned and carried out to assessment of growth and performance of Fagous orientalis in Asalem region. In this study, eight plots were selected in different aspects and elevations from 550 up to 2000 m. a. s. 1. Each plot covered one hectar and in terms of dbh classification, five trees were selected in each plot. Tree height, dbh, diameter at median height, crown height and crown diameter was assessed. Other characteristics such as crown layer, crown health, crown size warp and branchiness of stem was considered. The obtained results of this study indicated that trees under 80 cm diameters had 170 m3 volumes per hectar. The calcalated form factor for Beech was 0.4075. The value of mean annual increment was 3.47 m3. Correlation analysis showed that there was significantly correlation between height and age, diameter and age as well as dbh class and mean height crown, depth and dbh crown size.The correlation of air temperature with seedless percentage was positive and significant at a≤0.05 (r=0.571). Therefore high temperature would be caused an increase in seedless percentage. As if the general characters of tree (tree height and diameter, etc.) showed the Terebinth trees of forest zones have rather vertical growth than other on the contrary of horizontal growth, this result can be caused by the high inter and intra specific competition (for light, space, etc.) in the forest zone.To pay attention to large changes of echological characteristics in the studied areas, it can be stated that one of important factors of Terebinth's permanency in kurdestan is it's compatibility to difference ecological conditions.The result of cluster analysis based on distances and similarities percentage among studied groups (areas) showed that it can be decreased from 13 to 7 area in the future studies.