ZANKO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2015 | Volume:15 | Issue:47|Papers Count:9

Background and Aim: Metals are important contaminations in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic organisms such as fishes can used as an indicator of environment as a part of trophic levels due to absorb and accumulate of metals. Due to increase of Caspian Sea pollutions, in this study Caspian shad and Caspian tyulka were used as an indicator of Caspian Sea coast pollution. Also human health risk was determined.Material and Methods: Fish specimens gain from southern coast of Caspian Sea in the Babolsar in 2013. Concentrations of selenium and vanadium were detected by atomic spectrophotometer. Human health risk was assessed by Target Hazard Quotients model (THQ).Results: Concentration of selenium significantly differ between skin and muscle in Aloza (p<0.05). Interspecific concentration of vanadium in skin showed significantly difference (p<0.05).Concentrations of selenium and vanadium between skin and muscle tissue were significantly difference (p<0.05). THQ and total THQ were lower than one, that this issue can show no risk with current rate consumption rate for consumer in these regions.Conclusion: It seems, selenium and vanadium concentrations haven’t any health problem.Results of this study can use in continues monitoring of Caspian Sea.

Background and Aim: Phosphate discharges from domestic and industrial wastewater to water bodies, causing environmental problems such as eutrophication or algae bloom Therefore, it is necessary to treat those effluents prior to discharge into the environment. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phosphor adsorption from aqueous solution using Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes as a sorbent.Material and Methods: This study was performed experimentally in laboratory scale and in a batch system. Characterized by analyzing scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial phosphor concentration, on initial phosphor removal were evaluated. The isotherm and kinetics of phosphor adsorption were studied.Result: The results showed that rising of pH and adsorbent dosage increased phosphor adsorption, whereas the phosphor adsorption decreased by phosphor concentration. Also The results data for adsorption of The phosphor adsorption onto Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and maximum dye adsorption capacity (Q0) of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes was 28.60mg/g. Pseudo-first, second-first order kinetics and Intraparticle diffusion models were adopted to evaluate data and elucidate the kinetics adsorption process. The experimental data fitted well to pseudo-second order kinetic model.Conclusion: The results showed that the Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes as a adsorbent with high adsorption capacity might be a suitable alternative to remove contamination.

Background and Aim: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that cause by protozoan parasites of the type of Leishmania. These parasites include the blood and tissue flagellates that can occur in different forms of leishmaniasis. Based on this, the term of leishmaniasis refers to a spectrum of diseases. Selenium is an essential element with important physiological role in the body. The purpose of this study was to compare serum selenium levels in Leishmaniasis patients in comparison with normal subjects.Material and Methods: The serum selenium levels of healthy and patient individuals with Cutaneous Leishmania were obtained by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. MATLAB version 8 performs statistical analysis in this study.Results: Statistical analysis in this research demonstrates that there is a significant difference between selenium concentration in the serum of patients with cutaneous leishmania and healthy people. The serum selenium levels was 61±13 mg/l and 82±7 mg/l for Coetaneous Leishmania and healthy people respectively.Conclusions: Selenium has antioxidant properties that can be used with respect to this property as an anti-inflammatory agent. Low levels of selenium can reduce the level of Glutathione Peroxides and this factor can reduce the serum selenium levels in leishmaniasis cases.

Background and Aim: Oral and dental health and collecting data on the prevalence of dental caries are among the most important aspects of individual health. Thus, it is necessary to determine community’s oral health status. Various epidemiological studies are required at different levels to assess the efficacy of preventive, oral and dental health control programs in a society. Thus, the aims of this study was survey of water fluoride and status of dmft and DMFT in elementary and medium school students in Kamiran Town Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected through interview and dental clinical examination using disposable dental explorer, dental mirror, and a flash light. A total of 400 students aged 6 to 11 years were evaluated for their oral health status in Kamiran Town aspect of dmft in 2014. Fluoride concentrations were detected by IC. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. T-test test was also used for analysis.Results: The results of this study showed that the dmft mean in elementary school students for boys and girls were 3.59 and 3.67 respectively. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that was significant between number of brush and dmft in elementary school students (p<0.05).Conclusion: The status of dmft among elementary school students of sanadaj City students was higher than the WHO standards and other area. Thus, to improve the current situation, a proper programming seems necessary. Furthermore, more attention must be paid to the education of families about dental and oral health.

Background and Aim: Termination of pregnancy with fetal and maternal health is the goal of delivery science. In order to achieve this goal the delivery should be done in a way that has the least level of risk. Since mothers are involved in choosing the mode of delivery, this study was aimed to determine the willingness of mothers for the mode of delivery.Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 305 pregnant women in 2014 in Bane city. The random sampling method was used to select the pregnant women who referred to health centers. The information for pregnant women tendency for the mode of delivery were obtained through interviews with the mothers were recorded in the check list.Result: among the 305 studied pregnant women, 135 (3.44%) and 170 (7.55%) were interested in cesarean and natural childbirth respectively. There was no significant difference between the level of maternal education, maternal employment status, fear of pain, and fear of harm to the baby's birth and the tendency to the mode of delivery (P<0.001). However, there was a significant difference between the belief in the safety of cesarean delivery, gestational age and pregnancy history with selected delivery mode (P<0.001).Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, the belief in safety of pregnancy and the number of pregnancies are the reasons for choosing cesarean mode of delivery. It is recommended that proper planning for education of mothers regarding the characteristics of both types of natural and cesarean be conducted and also better labor conditions and facilities be provided.

Background and Aim: Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine gland diseases in children. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent irreversible effects. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypothyroidism in the newborn babies in the screening program in Sanandaj city.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study has been done by using the available documents related to the newborn babies. List of sick infants was prepared. Considering the large number of the newborn babies in Sanandaj city from 2009 to 2014, for every sick infant four healthy ones who were similar in the year of birth, place of residence and age were selected. Having their check list, we referred to health centers and analyzed their family file.Results: The number of diagnosed sick infants in Sanandaj city screening was 156, of which 60 were girls (38.5%) and 96 were boys (61.3%) There was statistical difference between the two groups of sick and healthy infants in terms of sex, family history of hypothyroidism, birth weight and height and jaundice at birth (p<0.0001). However, there was no correlation between the age of the mother and incidence of disease (p>0.0001).Conclusion: The positive family history of hypothyroidism may be associated with congenital hypothyroidism. Moreover, Nutritional deficiency during pregnancy could be a risk factor for infant’s weight and height disturbances. It is recommended to consider these factors in all maternal care control forms.

Background: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a primary Immunodeficiency syndrome which is created by diverse genetic mutations. It will lead to the absence of all adaptive immune functions in all affected patients and a lack of Natural Killer cells in some cases. Affected infants will almost always die before their second birthday, due to serious and intractable infections. The reasons of these infections are the opportunistic microorganisms which cause mild or self-limited diseases in immunocompetent hosts. If population-based newborn screening programs has not been established in a community (which is the case in many parts of the world), the best test for early diagnosis is the determination of Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) in peripheral blood. These patients are uniformly lymphopenic because normally T-cells constitute 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and patients lack or have extremely low number of them.Case report: We present a two month-old male infant with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive and lymphopenia in which the result of examinations showed a rare type of immunodeficiency in which flow-cytometry of peripheral blood was consistent with T-B+NK- variant of SCID.

Background: Depression is known as one of the four important diseases and the most prevalent disability as a result of disease across the world. Various medical students who are involved with maintaining mental and physical health of society are more vulnerable to this disorder due to their special position. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression among medical students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2014.Methods and Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study and was conducted on 360 university students at Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Data were obtained by Beck Depression Test and were analyzed by SPSS software version 15.Results: Results associated with the prevalence of depression in medical students based on the severity indicated that 47 students (13.1%) had moderate depression and 32 students (18.9%) had severe depression. Fisher's exact test did not indicate any significant statistical differences with regard to family history and depression (P=0.21).Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study, there is a necessity to adopt policies to reduce the factors contributing to the incidence of depression and its consequences would be prevented by a quick and timely diagnosis.