ZANKO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2015 | Volume:16 | Issue:48|Papers Count:10

Background and Aim: Nowadays internet has become a suitable instrument for knowledge transmission in educational processes and researches. Internet also is a fundamental and vital means of communication for millions of people in the world. Moreover, it’s a kind of recreational program and entertainment to fill leisure time. This dependence on the internet can be a factor to result in addiction to danger.Material and Method: This was a descriptive-analytical study. The present study included all students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2014-2015. They formed the sample of 265 subjects (174 female and 91 male) from various medical students using stratified random sampling. SPSS 16 software and descriptive and inferential statistics (K2 and T_test) were used.Results: The results indicated that, 7.9% of students were addicted to the internet. Internet addiction in single students was significantly (p<0.05) higher than married students. More female students than male students were addicted to the internet (35.37% to 77.23%; p<0.001).Conclusion: The results showed that marital status has a significant relationship with students' reliance on the Internet. At the same gender is a threat to Internet addiction. Therefore, this research can provide information to the university officials and experts to prepare and train students and motivate students to utilize the internet as less as possible to reduce the problem of adverse effects.

Background and Aim: Rapid promotion and development of technology and undesirable change in life in some fields, especially in consumption field, caused to face with great amount of rubbish which contains different kinds of valuable and toxic materials. If these trashes have not suitable management, they are so harmful for both human and environment. Therefore, appropriate recycle ways and observance of environmental standards can prevent from occurrence such problems. Execution of these methods and standard observance depends on various factors that human factors are one of the most important reasons regarding to this field. Therefore, in this study, we try to analysis the environmental behavior of tried human factors and social factors which are effective on them.Material and Method: This study is a kind of surveying research. In addition to gauging method and the study object and date analysis level, for gathering information and data in major levels, attributive study has been used. Also racemes’ sampling has been used and to determine the volume sample, the Cochran formula is used, and in total, 400 questionnaires completed and collected. Then, data has been analysis by SPSS software.Result: research’s results showed that there is a positive and meaningful relation between new ecologic paradigm and environmental behavior. Also, there is a positive and meaningful relation between the standpoint toward recycle and environmental behavior. Also, the meaningful relationship between sex (gender), income, and job and environmental behavior has achieved. The regression analysis results showed that 19 percent of independent variable variances are explicated by dependent variables (standpoint toward recycle and new ecologic paradigm). In fact, the coefficient of influence in new ecologic paradigm is 0.142 and for variable standpoint toward recycle is 0.465.Conclusion: Environmental problems such as global changes in climate, regional air pollution, water pollution and etc, are due to human harmful changes in environment. Also, this has been clarified that human factors in producing and recycling rubbish, play an important role, therefore, recognizing their insights and tendencies helps a lot in rubbish and recycle management programming, and should be done by responsible persons.

Background and Aim: Thalassemia is the most common hereditary hemoglobinopathy of world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thalassemia minor couples among the marriage volunteers who referred to the health-care centers of Javanroud city in 2013-2014.Material and Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive study 11 minor thalassemia couples were investigated based on the available records, documents and books. The data was collected through available thalassemia cases, documents and contact with the couples. After entering data into the computer, Excel software was used.Results: The results of this study showed that 11 couples equivalent to 2.0% with Thalassemia minor were diagnosed.50% of them were the final suspect and 50% of them were healthy minor disease carriers. Also based on these findings %36.36 of couples carried out further tests and %54.54 of them didn't carry out this test. Only two cases (9% of healthy disease carriers) of them have college education.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study none of the couples canceled their marriage which indicates low awareness or lack of adequate training in this field. It is necessary to improve counseling programs and diagnosis before marriage. Also continuous monitoring on laboratory activities before marriage should be done.

Background and Aims: The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the future will result in pouring this material into the environment and will cause health and environmental problems to humans and other organisms. In this context, the use of biological indicators is necessary for environmental monitoring and control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accumulation capacity of AgNPs in the gills, intestines and hepatopancreas of freshwater crayfish, as an indicator of environment.Material and Method: In this study, 15 adult male freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) were caught from the Aras River (north-west of Iran). Crayfish were exposed to five concentrations of AgNPs colloid (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) for a period of 6 days. The concentration of silver in the intestines, gills and hepatopancreas were measured using Phoenix 986 atomic absorption. The One-Way ANOVA was used to compare the levels of AgNPs in the tissues.Results: According to the findings of this study the highest accumulation of silver were observed in the gill tissue. Also the accumulation amount in the hepatopancreas and intestinal tissues depends on the concentration of AgNPs in the water, so that at lower concentrations, accumulation in the intestine was higher than the hepatopancreas but in higher concentrations, accumulation in the hepatopancreas was higher than the intestine.Conclusion: In this study, the silver bioconcentration was dependent on the target tissue and concentration of AgNPs in the water. Also, due to the higher concentration of silver in the gills of freshwater crayfish in comparison with other tissues, this organ can be recommended as a suitable target tissue. More studies are needed to obtain more comprehensive information about the impact mechanism of AgNPs accumulation in different tissues of this aquatic organism.

Background & Aim: Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is the most common side effect in the workplaces and multiple factors are involved in its creation and exacerbation. The main purpose of this study was to investigate hearing status and its influencing factors in the workers of mines in the central region.Material and Method: In this descriptive-analytical study of the identification and evaluation of sound sources, hearing status and its influencing factors were studied in 55 workers exposed to noise and 55 office workers as the control group. Data analysis was performed using the software SPSS18.Results: Age mean, standard deviation and experience of the subjects were 34.02±7.5 and 9.62±3.2 respectively. The sound pressure level of sources was estimated 106-90dB. In the 3 and 6 kHz frequencies, mean hearing threshold of mining operations workers were high. 58% of the subjects had different degrees of hearing loss. Mean hearing threshold was significantly increased with age and experience. Hearing loss in smoking workers were 1.6 times.Conclusion: It seems that NIHL in the mining operation workers is considered as a serious health problem. In some cases, hearing loss is severe. Therefore, proper Hearing Conservation Program and noise control engineering measures are necessary.

Background and Aim: Nowadays in vitro fertilization techniques have been successfully used in the production of embryos in vitro. The embryos are then collected and used for embryo transfer, gene transfer, embryo splitting, copying, chimera, embryo freezing, sexual recognition, separation of X and Y sperm and other technologies. In vitro fertilization in ovine has mostly a research aspect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro fertilization in Ghezel sheep and to evaluate the resulting embryos for different researches.Methods: In this study, cumulus- oocyte complexes of Ghezel sheep after extraction from the ovaries of slaughtered sheep were washed three times in Tabriz abattoir. Of 338 oocytes, 201 oocytes were suitable for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC).The oocytes were transferred to the IVM medium and cultured in a maximum humidified, 5% CO atmosphere at 39C for 24 h. After, in vitro fertilization rate and the growth rate, they were evaluated at intervals of 48-96 hours.Results: The results of this study revealed that rate of oocyte maturation and in vitro fertilization is 95.02, 78.01 of which 46.3 % fertilized oocytes were reached to early cleavage stage.Conclusion: According to the results of this study and their comparison with other studies, fertility and embryo production rates in sheep are more than other large mammals. Therefore, Ghezel sheep embryos can be used for transgenic, chimera and embryology studies on mammals.

Background: The purpose of Blood Transfusion Organization is preparation of safe blood and blood products. Confidential Self exclusion system as a screening method which the donors can exclude their donated blood because they think it has the risk factor for the transmission of infection diseases. This study assessed the efficacy of Self Exclusion System on diagnosis of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV among the blood donors in Kurdistan Province in the two years.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using serologic results of donors who used confidential self exclusion compared with usual donors. The information was obtained from the data bank of Kurdistan blood transfusion blood transfusion center from March 2011 to March 2013. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square test by SPSS 12 statistical software.Results: Self exclusion was chosen in 740 (1%) of 73841 donations, the prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV in CSE donors were significantly higher than usual donors (0.13%, 0.94% and 0.94% compared whit 0.42%, 0.1% and 0.01% Respectively).Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that self exclusion used in blood bank was effective in reducing the transmission of infectious disease through window-period units. Therefore this method improved blood donation safety.

Background and Aim: The growing use of nanoparticles in different sections caused environmental concerns. Cobalt nanoparticles as nanoparticles that limited information are available about their effects of toxicity on aquatic organisms. Therefore, the aim of this research was the effect of short term exposure to cobalt ion and nanoparticle on gill of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under laboratory condition.Material and Method: In this study, five concentration of Co nanoparticles and Co ions non-lethal were used that the including 1, 10, 32, 100, and 200 mg/l with the control group (no chemical). After 8 days exposure to Co nanoparticles and Co ions, the samples of fish gill were taken. To study classical histology, after preparation of the samples with haematoxylin - eosin staining, the slides were photographed by an optical microscope.Results: The results of this study showed that the Co nanoparticles and Co ions caused damages such as clubbing the head string, edema, Hyperplasia, fusion, and aneurysms in gills of zebra fish. Also, levels of tissue damages in gill on the both of Co nano- and ions were dosedependent.Conclusion: According to findings of this study, levels of damages caused in Co nanoparticles were higher than the Co ions condition. Also, both of Co nano- and ions can cause serious damages in zebra fish gill tissue and therefore should be prevented release of this material to aquatic ecosystems.