Iran Journal of Nursing
Year:2004 | Volume:17 | Issue:37|Papers Count:16

Nausea and vomiting are two common complaints of the first trimester of pregnancy, which occur in 70% to 90% of pregnancies. They usually begin around 4th to 8th weeks and continue until about 14th to 16th weeks, and in 90% of cases disappear in 22ed week of pregnancy.Nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy may occur at any time throughout the day or night. Meanwhile the etiology of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is said to be unknown, hormonal and Psychological status of the mother may be the causative factors.So, determining the relationships between demographic and pregnancy factors with nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy a descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted, in which data were collected through questionnaires with the use of Rhodes form-2 index.Contributors were 130 pregnant women, selected randomly through cluster sampling method in ten public health centers in Mashhad.Findings revealed that although, there were not significant relationships between age and both nausea and vomiting, age with nausea alone had meaningful relationship (P=0.003).The later was through for the relationship between socioeconomic class and vomiting (P=0.007). We also did not find meaningful relationships between gestational age, parity and unplanned pregnancy with nausea, vomiting and reaching.To sum up, as some other researchers and we found relationships between demographic and pregnancy factors with nausea and vomiting that can be corrected through instructions, group teaching classes and also face to face teaching sessions, to be held by midwives is recommended.

Diabetes is a serious medical-social problem, which imposes a great economic burden on patients, families and society. Considering that non-compliance of the patients has prominent effects on societies, it is necessary to consider this issue as a social problem.Determining the relationship between social support and the level of compliance of diabetic patients, a descriptive study was conducted with 250 type II diabetic patients, which were selected purposefully.Results showed that social support and patient's adherence to the regimens had statistically meaningful relation. (P=0.011), it also was through for the life style monitoring subscale (P=0.0.09). Although it was not statistically meaningful with the social barriers but a negative correlation with treatment subscale was shown (P=0.065).To conclude, social support is one of the important factors that can influence diabetic patient's adherence to the therapeutic regimens and must be noted and considered for these patients.

Health professionals for administering intramuscular (IM) injections use two usual techniques. First of all the injectable is drawn up, using a needle which is then changed with a new one before administration. The other is using one needle for both drawing and injecting drugs. It is supposed that the first method would reduce pain, swelling and redness of the injection site after immunizing with Hepatitis B Vaccine (HBV).So, in order to determine the differences between these two methods, a controlled trial study was conducted, in which 39 nursing students were selected randomly to participate as the sample group and were assigned in two groups for the first and the second methods, and a follow up program was designed to check the injection site during four days.Results showed that changing of the needle would reduce redness and swelling meaningfully, with the respectively P Values of (0.04) and (0.03), and the rates of tenderness and pain were also lower in two needle technique, although, it was not significantly meaningful.To conclude, the use of two-needle technique significantly reduced local reactions in routine immunization of adult's. So, immunization centers should review their policy of changing needle before administration of vaccines.

Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a fetal communicable respiratory disease, known as atypical pneumonia. This disease first appeared in china on November 2002 and spread very fast in various parts of the world especially in Asia. Number of Reported cases of SARS from November 2002 to May 2003 was about 8046 of which 6825 patients died.SARS is caused by corona virus, and symptoms of disease are, high fever (38c), cough, breathing difficulties and respiratory distress syndrome, the consequence of the disease is admission in intensive care units for some patients.The disease transmits by respiratory droplets and the incubation period is 2-7 days. High risk persons are: hospital workers who take care of SARS patients, close family members of the patients, olds and chronically ill patients.Experts believe that the disease will probably be epidemic, in coming cold season. So, in order to prevent the disaster of SARS it is better to promote public awareness about the discusses, and it's preventive methods especially in health workers and nurses.

Basically, Quality Evaluation is the most important tool for performance promotion in management, and it is the most prominent duty of managers. Evaluations can create organizational goals to promote worker's ability level.So, assessing the quality of nursing care during intravenous injections, we conducted a descriptive study, in which 95 nurses, selected randomly were evaluated. Data were gathered through questionnaire.According to the results, 16% of the nurses had good perfonnances, 66% of them were within acceptable range, and the performances of 17% of the participants were unacceptable. We also found significant relationships between the quality of care in intravenous injections and age, years of experience, gender, and educational level.Overall, as the results showed the weakness of a large group of participants in performing intravenous injections, it is recommended to provide in service education sessions for nurses.

Nausea is one of the cancer complaints and its treatments side effect, therefore, proper interventions must be implemented to reduce it. Foot massaging is one of the complementary measures that diminishes nausea intensity.Determining the effect of foot massaging on nausea intensity, we conducted a clinical trial study in which the intensity of nausea was measured and recorded before and after 10 minutes of foot massaging. Contributors were 35 women suffering from cancer, all over 18 years old, which were selected sequentially.Findings showed, statistically significant differences of nausea intensity before and after foot massaging (P<0.0001).To conclude as the result showed lower intensity of nausea after foot massaging, it is the nurse, who can perform it for these kind of patients and also teach the families to provide it for their patients. Similar researches to be conducted in men and also effects of repeated massaging and/or with long or intermediate duration are recommended.

Nowadays IUDs are the most commonly used reversible contraceptives in the world while more than 130 million women are thought to use IUDs worldwide, a-large number of the users put it away for some medical reason, anyhow, side effects of this device will diminish with precise patient's screening programs.Determining the efficacy of use in unintentional pregnancies and also the side effects after 21 months Indian T IUDs placement, we conducted a historical cohort retrospective study, in which 1008 medical record, belonged to all women whom had referred to an urban health center were reviewed.The results showed that the probability of continuation with this type of IUDs at the end of 21 months of use was 0.6% and after this time 300 women had discontinued the use of it their main reasons were expulsion 8.3% bleeding and pain 9.5% and cessation due to increased length 2.5%. Besides 6% of porticipants had requested to put it away because of some personal reasons.To conclude, the results were the some as other similar researches, most side effects had occurred during the first year of placement, and as the time passed the side effects started to diminish. We recommend a similar study to investigate the side effects after 21th months of placement.

Oral contraceptive pills are the most effective reversible form of available contraceptive methods. Patient's noncompliance in the use of oral contraceptives is due to untoward side effects.Therefore, finding out the differences between monophasic and threephasic oral contraceptive pills in women regarding the most common side effects, a randomized clinical trial study was conducted, in which 314 users of either monophasic or threephasic pills were selected continuously and allocated randomly into two groups (157 in each group).Findings showed that there were not any significant differences between two groups regarding spotting or intermenstrual bleeding, nausea, headache, nervousness, cloasma and changes of weight (decrease or increase).Overall, monophasic and threephasic oral contraceptive pills were similar regarding side effects. But, since threephasic pills mimic the endogenous hormones level in a physiologic menstrual cycle, it can be concluded that preference should be given to threephasic pills.Comparisone of two mentioned pills regarding their therapeutic effects is recommended for further study.