GEOPOLITICS QUARTERLY
Year:2012 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 (27)|Papers Count:8

Events of 11 September 2001 are Turning point in the power relations and geopolitical changes in the Indian subcontinent region, that has been influenced Heavily by the geographical location and new role of India as emerging powers in world politics scene on one hand, and the new political and security strategies of the United States after the above incident, on the other hand. Present study, has been attempted with using descriptive-analytical method not only to study and analyze the causes and context relations of power in the geopolitical region of the Indian subcontinent under the influence of political and security space prevailing on word politics after the event 11 September 2001, but also to provide pattern geopolitical relations between the Indian subcontinent with global actors. Based on these study achievements, power relations in the Indian subcontinent with world order has been influenced heavily by India’s relations with the United States.

Introduction: The recent developments in the Middle East can be regarded as the focal point of the change in the balance of the regional power. Any shift in the political power’s structure of the regional countries will have strategic consequences for different countries. In other words, shift of power and the political leaders in the Middle East will not only lead to a power vacuum in the region, but can also prepare the grounds for more fundamental changes in the regional security. In this process, countries such as Saudi Arabia and Turkey have decided to affect the balance in the region. They are determined to reduce Iran’s role in creating regional security in the Middle East.

Globalization has had significant impacts on the world system with manifold effects. Globalization is a powerful process of the new world system and its security, and it represents one of the most influential forces in determining the future regional security, Principally globalization of international system has become as one of the most important and Controversial subject in the theories of international relations. Globalization can be seen a historical long term process that increasingly intensify in new world politics. In this path globalization has different consequences and will change international system especially its construct and internal boundary.

Introduction: Although Turkey is one of the first countries recognized Armenia’s independence in 1991, but in this two decades, weakness is quitly sensible in mutual relations or in more correctly words is not any directly relations between the two countries. in fact, Due to the effects of this hostile relations that have been strongly affected national policy of the two countries particularly Armenia, Eventually Turkey and Armenia after many years of conflict and controversy, According to own special strategic aims decided to start a new round of collective cooperation in South Caucasus with normalization of mutual relations. Although So far these efforts have been ineffective and now the normalization process is suspended, but is no doubt that this process and normalization of mutual relations will be with its special geopolitical effects in region that study of them can to demonstrate a outlook of regional and international relations in South Caucasus. Thus, in this paper will be analyzed the geopolitical effects of normalization of Turkey and Armenia relations.Methodology: The actual method applied in this paper is analytical-descriptive as well as statistical. For data collection and indexing, library and internet have been used. Moreover, in analysis of Turkey’s commercial relations with in South Caucasus countries, because of lack of access to new resources, the statistical analysis of paper is based on data from 2003 to 2008 that these statistics are taken from the UN website.Results and Discussion: In this paper, meantime historical study and analysis of the relations between Turkey-Armenia, normalization process in mutual relations as well as study the important factors influencing the relations between the two countries, the political-economic effects of normalization in Turkish-Armenian relations to be analyzed in terms of geopolitics. This Studies and analysis is showing that despite the very important obstacles of normalization process in Turkey and Armenia relations, According to geopolitical realities of the region, mutual relations can create different opportunities or challenges in this very complicated geopolitics.Conclusion: According to the results of this research, if the national interests of other countries in the region be considered in the normalization process of relations, improving relations with Armenia will be useful for Turkey. In other words, ignoring the interests of other countries in the path of normalization of relations will be with the loss of Turkey mutual interests in its relations with Azerbaijan and Georgia. View of influential powers in the region Also, potential consequences of improved Turkey-Armenia relations is accompanied by its own complexity. With Improving of Turkey-Armenia relations may be seen kind of influence balance among powers are in the region.

Introduction: The logic of border geopolitics warrants that preservation, safeguarding and protection of borders should be placed in the center of policy-making and strategic policy as a basic value in line with the exercise of national sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity. This strategic issue would not be possible in the absence of border management and available secure borders wherein all strata of the society and country, especially border dwellers, would feel comfortable. Prevalence of unsafe and anti-secure centers on Iran’s border with its neighbors has created concerns for borer dwellers, the central government and those involved in border issues. Within this context, several measures, preparations, plans and programs were made and implemented in the past on eastern borders which laid the ground for review of effectiveness of such plans on border security.Methodology: The research method was analytic-descriptive and the required data was collected through field method and by using questionnaires distributed among 200 volunteers and analyzed with SPSS software.Conclusion: The results show that outposts, border markets and border routes, in the order of one to three respectively, are among the most effective and efficient variables on management and control of eastern borders of the country. Meanwhile, an exemplary society emphasized on effectiveness of diplomacy, creation of physical barriers, establishment and development of border regiments and use of technical and electronic equipment.

Introduction: National security is the essence of independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty. Maintaining of other purposes and also creating and grounds of any immense goal depend on creating and preserving of national security. Thus National security is one of the most important foreign policy goals of each country. The secret of national security is possessing of secure borders. Iranian border with Afghanistan due to the characteristics of poverty, deprivation (especially in neighboring frontier-settlers), instability, promote an atmosphere of chaos and lawlessness, the presence and activities of armed terrorist groups and drug cartels in the region, illegal passage, immigrant citizens, is one of the most Crisis-prone and vulnerable parts of the country.

Introduction: This essay tries to present geopolitical factors of the bilateral relations of Iran & Afghanistan & theirs challenges & opportunities. In the new era, geopolitics variety is an important factor in understanding of developments. Relations of Iran & Afghanistan are influenced by this variety. New developments in Afghanistan after 2002 have changed geopolitical location of Iran. For this reason, Iran had important role in reconstruction & rebuilding of Afghanistan & required first position in the region & fifth rank in the world. In 2002, Tokyo Conference participants defined a plan for the development of Afghanistan. Iran allocated £ 250 million to Afghanistan in the framework of projects as grants for the reconstruction of Afghanistan. Iran allocated the grants for the local geopolitical & geo-economic factors.Methodology: Research surveys the questions such as: what are the local geopolitical factors in the bilateral relations of two countries & theirs challenges? Could it possible replace these challenges to common opportunities by geo-economic factors? The main hypothesis is the most important of geopolitical factors consist of boundaries geopolitics, drugs, immigration, ethnics groups, border provinces (valayatha), and connections routs that draw geopolitical & geo-economic logic in the new era. In interaction between common geopolitical challenges & common geo-economic opportunities, have been created common interests. These factors have critical role in Iran’s participation in Afghanistan reconstruction. This article presents a model and an approach termed “radical geopolitics”. It examines the respective roles of the geopolitical and geo-economic factors that drive the local geopolitical & geo-economic factors in the bilateral relations of Iran & Afghanistan & theirs challenges & opportunities. The second section consists of the geopolitical factors in the relationship of Iran & Afghanistan & their influence in Iran’s participation in Afghanistan reconstruction and some Iran’s projects have been implemented. Finally, research findings present policies for policy makers.Results and Discussion: The research has two sections. In the first section, this article presents a model and an approach termed “radical geopolitics”. It examines the respective roles of the geopolitical and geo-economic factors that drive the local geopolitical & geo-economic factors in the bilateral relations of Iran & Afghanistan & theirs challenges & opportunities. The second section consists of the geopolitical factors in the relationship of Iran & Afghanistan & their influence in Iran’s participation in Afghanistan reconstruction and some Iran’s projects have been implemented. Finally, research findings present policies for policy makers.Conclusion: This study by use of “radical geopolitics” & relevant model shows that foreign policy of Iran towards Afghanistan is based on Geopolitical factors. These have caused threats including boundaries, ethnic, opium, hydropolitics & ideologic threats. “Radical geopolitics” by employment of geo-economics and insist on political economy tries to overt the threats to opportunities between Iran & Afghanistan. Implementation of economic projects including Dogharun- Herat project, establishment of boundary customs, Sangan-herat Ralilway, Sentry post in boundaries, monetary & training assistance to Afghanistan army & restarting of North- South Corridor are activities of Iran for elimination of Afghanistan’s threats.