GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF TERRITORY
Year:2010 | Volume:7 | Issue:25|Papers Count:12

Regarding the developing processes of rural a sees. The analysis and the identification of the current rural conditions and inspection of the facilities and their circumstances in different aspects was important. And to help the rural planners to assign the developed targets to specify the diplomacy and the ways to establish them.So in this research the evaluation and assessment of environmental potential of the central region of the mahabad city is in consideration and for this purpose and to get the answer of the main question of this thesis effective environmental factors to search the rural development. Are in consideration and analysis. This thesis in addition to the natural facilities of concerned area and property scope of the area regarding these facilities and possibilities is also supposed to explain the position of these factors and their importance in rural development area. In spite of main goal of this thesis is to determine the degree of the indigence of the environmental abilities in central rural developing area of mahabad city, the whole researches and studies accomplished in this area, is in order to search the main goal of this thesis and the observer has initially analyzed the remote position of the region on the basis of environment and then on the basis of that has stepped up to search-out the main points of the research.

At the present research we have studied the manner and degree of sprawl and centralization as related to the globalization in Tehran Metropolis. We have also studied and compared the circumstances of the sprawl and connection with the population mass and the city center. According to our studies there is an inverse relation between the mass of population and localization of the globalization applications. These phenomena tend to the localization outside of the business center of the city. In relation to the centralization of the applications or their local connectivity it may be mentioned that most of these applications tend toward convergence (centralization) and the whole applications related to the globalization have a convergence and centralization attitude toward each other and the high distribution coefficient confirms this factor.

The present study has been written to identify status and importance of urban tourism, study the concepts, process of evolutional and processes related to sustainable tourism development strategy and evaluation the relation between urban and tourism development as well as positive and negative consequences of this kind of tourism.Urban areas form most complete of human station that have been included important centre of economic, scientific, recreational, and medical as well as attractions of cultural, historical and natural. Cities are the most important spaces which draw the attention of visitors amongst various destinations. Thus it is said most cities are the best centres to attract tourists.This study is a descriptive analysis method in order to identify the elements with tourism and urban patterns determine sustainable development of urban tourism and study of actual and potential capabilities of cities in tourism development as well as processes of sustainable tourism development in cities. The present study has offered proposals to tourism and urban sustainable development.

Today sustainability is a major part of the new world order. In recent years the concept of sustainable development has been emphasized by experts and officials as this concept is based on maintaining the future standards of living in comparison to what we have today. Now, we know that we cannot take advantage of the environment as we did in the past. Sustainable tourism development is a kind of tourism that results in the management of all resources and meets the needs of tourists and the host society without endangering the future generations. The city of Mashhad with a population is the second largest city in the country and the second largest religious city in the world. Because of the blessings of the 8th Imam of Shiite Muslims whose holy shrine is located in the centre of the city many pilgrims from all over the world visit this city every year. Unofficial statistics show that 20 million national and international visitors travel to this city every year. This has resulted in the development of tourist industry and its infrastructure in addition to urban development and a flourishing economy. In addition to religious attractions, Mashhad has many other historical, natural, business, educational and health potentials that promote tourism and lengthen the duration of stay of tourists. Therefore, alongside the major aim of this study which is recognizing the place of tourism in sustainable urban development, an attempt has been made to identify the place of tourism in Mashhad and its relationship with urban development and present strategies for sustainable development in religious tourism activities.The research hypotheses have been proposed according the aims of the research and questions. An attempt has been made to address all aspects of religious tourism planning in this city. The results show that the main urban potential of Mashhad is religious tourism which has influenced all aspects of the city. Following sustainability principals and its standards, religious tourism can lead to urban development in Mashhad in the long run and can play a role as a lasting necessity in the social, economical, cultural and environmental life of this city.

Different factors affect on road transportation safety, one of them is the environmental hazards, among the environmental hazards affecting on the road transportation safety, it can be mentioned about the avalanche, rain, snow, frost and fog phenomena. In this research, in addition to evaluating the relation between each of environmental hazards as well as road transportation safety in the KARAJ- CHALOUS route, it was took an action for providing the accident hazard probable plans in each environmental diffirent manners using the observed information and data in the are view. According to the obtained results, there are the most hazard probable during the raining from the kilometer 95 to 145, while being the frost phenomenon from the kilometer 35 to 85, during the snowing from the km 45 to 85 as well as during the fog from km 96 to 130 and during falling avalanches from km 56 to 70 of the KARAJ- CHALOUS route being shown in the plan.

Recognition of effective factor in mass movements' occurrence and land slide Hazard zonation is one of the most important measures in prevention and reduction of their hazards. In this research mass movements hazard zonation was done in Damavand Drainage Basin with 761 km2 area, located in Southern Albours Mountains using specific interpolation method and giving percentage to each sub factors. For doing this, first mass movements inventory map of the area which was prepared using air photos with the scale of 1: 20000 and 1: 50000 and field works. (Sefidgari, 2001) was used. In this map 410 landslides, 162 falls, 56 soliflucsion, 26 soliflucsion flow and the total of 654 mass movements were shown. In this research, the effective factors for mass movements' occurrence were recognized to be as follows: land use, geological formation, rainfall, slope, aspect and elevation. Then by using mass movements' inventory map and quantification of effective factor in mass movements' occurrence, mass movements' hazard zonation was done in the area as follows: first mass movements inventory map was quantified by giving percentages to each sub factor of above-mentioned factors. Fore doing this, all the factors that were quantified, were interred in to Arc view software environment as quantified, descriptive tables. Here all 654 movements were interred in to descriptive tables according to above-mentioned factors and sub factors. Then each factor and their quantitative number for mass movements were prepared as raster map. This process was done by extensional facilities of Arc view which is called "Extension Spatial Analyst". The raster maps of six factors with cellular resolution of. /0014 meters, for mass movements were added together, in order to obtain hazard zonation of each movement.For evaluation of hazard zonation accuracy and separation ability of the used method, mass movements hazard zonation maps were overlaid with vector maps of mass movements' inventory maps and necessary change about the kind of considered factors were made. The privileges of this method is as follows: It uses actual data obtained from the field works, by using this method, effective factors in mass movements occurrence could be identified, it can be performed in any area, and the accuracy of hazard zonation is depended on the accuracy of information gathered in the field. ward each other and the high distribution coefficient confirms this factor.

The tourism industry has been developed in recent years, especially after the Second World War, so increasingly that has taken the name of tourism revolution. Tourism today has become one of the major economic stimulants in an international level, and specialists of economic issues assume that along by insurance and banking as a major dynamic industry in the current century. Rural tourism is one of the major components of tourism industry and is the main power of improving economic growth in rural areas. It has also made a strategic chance and led to the diversity of local economy.Stable rural tourism revives the local and traditional rural culture, encourages collective activities by rural people, increases the income of rural people, establishes new economic sources for rural people, conserves the natural, cultural and social environment, sustains the population, and prevents the migration and evacuation of rural areas. The development and expansion of rural tourism will be the best strategy for rural areas.

This thesis aims to investigate and analyze the sustainable urban Development of cities in Yazd province concerning 92 indexed in sections. The method used in this study is descriptive- analytic. To analyze data, quantitative programming models and computer soft wares were used. According to this study Yazd was known as the most sustained City and Khezr Abaad was known as the least sustained city, Ranking Cities as Sustained, semi sustained and not sustained it was recognized that Yazd and maybod were sustained Cities, Ardakan, Mehrize, Marvast, Haraat. Zarch, Ahmad Abaad, Eshgh Abaad, Aghda, Neer, Deyhook, Nodoshan and Khezr Abaad were not Sustained. Using multi-Variable regression model it is shown that demographic indexes are of highest priority, economical indexes as the second priority, hygienic indexes as the third priority and economical installation or equipment form, environmental, cultural, communicative and transportation indexes in next levels of priority which are suggested for sustainable urban development of cities Yazd province respectively, from bottom to the top.