GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF TERRITORY
Year:2012 | Volume:8 | Issue:32|Papers Count:18

During recent decads, increasing of unemployment of population specially migration of high education of young people evolated village area.Tourism as a not only instraument of chaning potential but one the main strategy of development is very important. Because of lack polloution it enables to effect in emoloyment situation and attract the people to villages.In order to this approaches understanding of this role and environmental potentials of progect area these category can resnalts to regional balance means while study of capabilities and tourism potantials and capital building in this zone can developed area villages. In this paper I try to study the Roud bar Ghasran area of shemirarn (ahar, egol, ammameh, zaygan). For collection of data I use the documentary and fied method conclusionof my stuy identify that backgrond of rural development in this area are suiable and tourism as an effective element can play this role. Also ecotourism is as a main parts of tourism in this role, because ecotourism intended only to see of natural sites and spent a lot of money related to this category. Across the world many countries have could changed this condition and reduced poverty. Our country of Iran because of many attractions in background of different climate and untains, seas, plains, and many desert is from the view point of tourism very famaus in the world.In many countries specially whom have attraction from the view point of natural sight suitable. Developed torism at developing program as acqvisition of income. This process helps the sustainable development. In this progect the main goal of research related to capabilily and potential of the villsges and possibility tourism for developing of zone of Roud bar Ghasran.

Wood agriculture is always one of the important issue in the economy of villages in the north part of Iran, Because of rural of this area can use the land multilateral by wood agriculture. Although in many cases, Wood agriculture is done traditionally and almost is stable on the base of trial and error among farmers. In this research it's tried to study performed activities during last decade. This causes to analyze the development process of poplar farming with considering to structural problems. Therefore, Guilan Province's map is studied according to the aim of research, and with noticing to political map, Roudsar, Amlash, Siyahkal, Langroud, Lahijan and Astaneh Ashrafiyeh are selected as studying zones So. Satellite pictures of land sat TM and IRS related to 2000 and 2010 are selected and NDVI index is applied on picture by NIR and R bands. In the next step, first the forest areas are separated from picture and poplar farming boundary in 2000 and 2010 is determined with considering to poplar reflection in supervised spectrum separation, and then pictures are transferred to GIS space, they are categorized again, poplar farming areas are separated from other areas in the form of 0 and 1 codes. Poplar farming lands have 1 value and other areas have 0 value after this correlation of distances of poplar farming from roads was tested in SPSS. The results show, although there was increasing poplar farming in east of Guilan Province during last decode, but with considering to social and economic situation, roads map and villages dispersion. Increasing wood production is impossible. In other words wood farming that should perform in rural areas is decreasing.

Opium is a phenomenon in a human society that became a crisis simultaneously with growing modern society. In addition, nowadays extend widely. Opium set serious damage against social order a production aria and customer. Nowadays estimate Opium Economy is after oil and weapons, third sector for great financial transportation. Opium as a global threat needs active global participation to resolve this problem.South Asia region that well known as “Golden Crescent” product most share of global production and at less has four decades to inter in global market.Inefficient government in Pakistan and Afghanistan regardless willingness of regional states like Pakistan, India, Iran, Afghanistan and global actors like U.S, Russia and EU, we are facing continuous and increasing poppy production; While Coalition Forces led by United State occupied Afghanistan.

Structure of urban management in Iran, to transit from centralized system, move toward decentralized system and go out of current challenges, has to consider planning system and urban development management transformation as a fundamental solution this is not a choice but an undeniable need. Since in current situation, this structure despite of abundant efforts and endeavour to make interaction and relation among three main factors of city formation (human, space, environment) is unable to respond and solve increasing social, economical, physical and environmental problems of cities particularly major cities of country, and current methods of planning and urban development management not only show weak and insufficient before these problems but exacerbate the situation and make it more critical through the creation of centralization and excretion of participation system.In this article, using implemented laws and their prospect with respect to government approach, the Iranian urban management system will be analyzed, then with regard to series of topics and issues regarding urban sustainable development, future horizon of urban management with sustainable development approach will be analyzed and evaluated. The result of this analytical and descriptive article show that transformation of centralized urban management system should be on the basis of urban sustainable development approach.

Flood is a natural phenomenon, which human being has experienced from very old times. In Iran, due to its very large area, several climates, and time and local density of Precipitations in most watersheds, there are many great floods of the country. In this study, run-off coefficient, maximum debit of flood, identifying the factors and elements that are effective on floodiness, and zoning of the area of Leilan chai watershed based on its flood bearing are analyzed. The curve number method was used for this watershed. To do this, firstly, the needed data and information including the statistical situation of the area climates and satellite images were gathered Inputted to the GIS data system. Compiling these data and information by the SCS method and the CN of the watershed, The infiltration level and run-off volume were prepared. Finally, the zoning map of the annual flooding potential of the area were produced using weighting model and compiling the area Precipitation, hydrological groups of soil, slope level, land use, etc.

Rural management in Iran confront of many variety from past to today. Therefore there are many experiences in rural management. But these varieties have some problems. Therefore, for studying of problems and barriers of Iran rural management، this paper does for analyzing today situation and barriers of Iran rural management. Investigative method was descriptive and used from questionnaire for collecting data. Sample amount was 50 and questionnaires distribute in managers. Software was SPSS.Results say that finance recourses, none orchestrate among managers, local parliament, people and little teaching is key problems in rural management. Important problem in rural management is government although authority of managers is enough. By assumption test we understand that rural management confront of these problems:a) Islamic rural parliament has problems of credits that it is essential that government helps them,b) Knowledge and level of degree in managers and members of Islamic rural parliament is little, therefore it is essential that government establish course for them that it is include academic teaching and none academic (professional) course and members ofc) Unfortunately, there are not relationship among rural people, rural managers and Islamic rural parliament. It cause produce much problems for aim of rural managing. Facilitators and promoters can helps to resolving this problem.d), rural managers and Islamic rural parliament confront of many problems about self institute. It is related to law and its problems that it is essential that law change.This paper shows that current situation of rural managing is weak and it is essential that it improve. This paper shows that power of rural managers and Islamic rural parliament is low. Therefore it is essential that government resign some its power to them. This paper shows that rural people are satisfaction from rural managers and Islamic rural parliament; although they think that there are some problems that it must resolve.

Indiscriminate exploitation has been of groundwater aquifers in recent years causing a drop groundwater levels in the plains. Water storage in aquifers by flood spreading on alluvial fans is a procedure that applicable in many area of Iran. In this Method, with floodwaters to infiltrate into the aquifer in addition to increasing the volume of the tank and prevent the severe drop in groundwater levels that are flood control and soil conservation. Study area is Jarmh watershed this area of 314 square kilo meters in north of Andimeshk. Alluvial zone is a 4356 ha that distinct by satellite image processing and field works. Effective indices in flood spreading site selection including slope, infiltration, alluvial thickness, transmisivity, flooding and electrical conductivity, selected and measurement in the study area and classified maps for all of them was prepared in GIS environment. In next step the maps incorporated by Boolean logic and weighted overlay index finally the alluvial zone ordered in two classes, high suitability 2059 ha in Boolean logic and 2485 ha in the weighted overlay index and moderate suitability 2297 ha in Boolean logic and 1971 ha in the weighted overlay index.

Rural management in Iran confront of many variety from past to today. Therefore the Constructing new towns are done to the aim of spatial structure, optimum use of natural sources, limiting the dimensions of population centralization in towns and land logistic in biology system in the country. For removing the centralization and absorbing the surplus of the population of large cities with some millions population such as Tehran and mashhad.Preventing the irregular development balance and controlling the migration movements, constructing new towns has been known as the best choice. Hashtgerd new town has services – industrial performance like other new towns pearl to arrive for quantitative a lot larget wait item good luck is so much unposses. In this cityno population where there is other basis efforts and per for mances and unother standards not any for figures wait item don’t to get and so even very distance there from they.

After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, during the years since 1979 to 2011, we have observed 8 terms of parliament elections in Iran. During these terms, political parties and factions played an important and sensitive role in elections and assignation of parliament members.The main goal of this paper is to identify and discover dynamic and static districts based on factions and representatives in 8 terms of parliament election after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The studied district in this research is Guilan Province that has highly participated in political cooperation and elections in Iran during 8 terms of parliament elections.This paper with analytical method and by using Geographical Information System (GIS) is attempting to answer the following questions that if there is dynamic and static districts for factions and representatives in Guilan Province? In case of existence of static districts, political direction of the selective districts of Guilan Province is toward which party?The gained results in this research show that during 8 terms of elections of the Islamic Parliament in Guilan Province, some of elective districts of Guilan Province are dynamic and some other are static, and tendency of major of representatives and residences of selective districts are toward right party.