JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN ASSOCIATION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2005 | Volume:1 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

Affecting and being affected by the speech is common among the live cultures. But what about the literature and literary branches? In this regard, certain questions may be posed. For instance, has the Arabic literary criticism originated from the Greek culture? The answer to this question may be "Yes" or "No" which the researcher believes the second one, i.e. "No". The Arabic literary criticism has its own roots and origins though one may believe that it has been affected by the modern literary criticism. Hence, in this article, it has been tried to prove the originality of the Arabic literary criticism and show that it has developed outstandingly during the various periods of time.

If one talks about the Iranian contribution to the Islamic culture and civilization, he discusses the cultural unity of the Islamic world as well.In this way, in addition to the outstanding contribution of the Iranian scientists to the development of this rich culture, the literary and intellectual Iranian families have also participated a lot in this richness, Hence in this article, the contribution of one of these families, i.e. Al-e-Mikal has been presented and thoroughly surveyd.

Considering the Arabic vocabulary, one may notice some words have an extensive semantic field while some words don't have this vast field.Hence it may be concluded that certain factors have been effective in this extensiveness.A group of the words which have the extensive semantic field are those which express separation. It is assumed that the hardships of desert life; the barren nature of deserts; the enmity, fighting, revenge, and robbing the tribes; and the nomadic lifestyle have caused this extensiveness. In this research all these factors and elements have been scientifically investigated.

Seyyed Qotb is one of the pioneers of contemporary Arabic literary criticism, and he is considered to be among the first generation of critics who dealt with literature and literary criticism after the pioneers - jil-arrovad - of the modem Arabic literature. His criticism is characterized by three stages each of which has its own characteristics and similarities & differences with the others. These stages are as follow:1. the stage accompanied with Aqqad 2. the stage of inviting to inward literature3. the stage of inviting to Islamic literatureThis paper tries to study these stages.

The mystic poems are the kind of poetry that describes the "Sufi" path, rites, and rituals. The poets apply certain specific terms and mysteries.Therefore, it may be said that this kind of verse is symbolic. In their surface structure one may notice lyrics and in their deep structure love and passion for God may be well seen.In this article, first, a general survey of the emergence and development of mysticism has been done. Then some mystic poems have been presented and studied. Their main characteristics have also been investigated.At the end, it has been tried to survey the poetry of Ibn-Farid, the greatest Arabic mystic poet thoroughly.

In this article, the various classifications of "word" in the Arabic syntax have been presented and discussed. They are:I. The classification of word in three classes: noun, verb, "harf' (conjunction, preposition, article,...) The Arabic grammarians have confirmed this classification both in the past and at present.II. The classification of word in four classes: noun, verb, "harf', The Arabic lexical experts and some of the contemporary grammarians have confirmed this classification.III. The classification of word in seven classes: noun, adjective, verb, pronoun, This sort of classification has been presented by one of the contemporary lexical experts.IV. The classification of word in five classes: noun, verb, "harf" The scholars of "Fiqh and' Usul" have confirmed this classification.Hence, the researcher has surveyed and discussed the principles and elements) strengths, and weaknesses of each classification being mentioned above.

Since the language of the Glorious Quran is the most standard form of Arabic, in the Quranic interpretations one must pay much attention to the employment and choice of the words.In this respect, each interpreter has its own way of stady. Allameh Tabataba'i (R) in his Quranic. interpretations, i.e. Al-Mizan, explained the meanings and senses of the words in detail. He emphasized on using the Quranic verses, comparison and contrast, word choice, context, etc. so as to interpret the Holy Verses and disapproved using the Arabic poems.

Knowledge and rationality are amongst the important features of Shahnam-e. This great book stars with rationality which is indicative of Fersowsi's concern for knowledge and rationality. Rationality is part and parcel of Shahnam-e. There are two theorise about this feature of this book. The first is that Ferdowsi himself has been a knowledge Moslem of reason, familiar with Islamic and Quranic thoughts. The second is that Shahnam-e is rooted in ancient Iranian manuscripts and the first narrators of the stories in the book have been Zoroastrian priests. There is no doubt that the structure of this work is Iranian and based on Iranian ancient traditions.Considering the high frequency of words and conjugations meaning "reason and thought" in the Islamic tradition on the one hand, and the fact that ancient Iranians have been famous for the Value they put on thought and thinking on the other, makes it quite difficult to dectemtine which of these two has influenced Ferdowsi.In this paper, we will try to find clues of the Iranian culture in the Arabic manuscripts of the Abbasid period regarding reason. In other words, can the roots of Ferdowsi's allegiance to reason be attributed to works from ancient Iran? If the answer is Positive, how far can such texts be responsible for this allegiance? Finding an answer to this question will not only show our ancestor's views on reason and rationality, it will also lead to new questions worthy of investigation.