SHIITE STUDIES
Year:2007 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 (17)|Papers Count:8

Badr ul-Din Qawami Razi is a Shi'i poet in sixth century A.H. His poems include praises for the Holy Prophet (p.b.u.h), Imam Ali (p.b.u.h) and the holy Imams and the family of the Prophet (p.b.u.th).Sermon and preaching are other part of his themes. These poems from the viewpoints of content, poetic imagination and linguistic combinations are of great importance. Given the dominance of Sunni poets in the sixth century, it is necessary to examine Shi'i poets like Qawami Razi and their works. Therefore, this paper's purpose is to examine Imam Ali's characteristics from the perspective of Qawami Razi that shows the mirth of Shi'i poems in the past centuries and it is a sign of Qawami work.The result of this paper shows that in spite of difficulties and strictnesses, Shi'i poems were dynamic and Qawami had been successful in describing Imam Ali (p.b.u.h) in all the fields of content, imagination and language, and his poems are unique in its kind.

This article, at first, suggests some general points pertaining to the subject, such as the nature of Quranic Jurisprudence (fiqh ul-Quran), its place, the attitude used in interpreting legal verses and the past of this subject. It concludes that the interpretation of legal verses methodically is idjtihadi, from the viewpoint of attitude is legal (fiqhi), and from the viewpoint of manner is by order-subject (tartibi-mawzu'i). The author maintains that Quranic Jurisprudence is not a simple Jurisprudence nor a simple exegesis, but both of them. In historical aspect, he believes that the history of Quranic Jurisprudence goes back to the Prophetic era and revelation of the first legal verse of the Quran, but i ts written past goes back to the time of Imam Sadiq (p.b.u.h).The scientific result of this paper is that the Shi'a is the founder of Quranic Jurisprudence as an independent knowledge.This writing continues to refer to the history of Jurisprudence and divides this history to seven periods of movement, static, dynamic, flourishing, stagnation, reactionary and growth. The author counts some characteristics for each period along with the works written in each period and finally points out the role of Shi'a in interpreting legal verses in Islamic world.

Shi'ism is a current formed simultaneously as Islam itself by the Prophet (p.b.u.h). Authentic traditional and historical evidences such as the tradition the day of Home (yawm ul-dar), Place (manzalah), Ghadir etc... affirm this issue. Because of this fact, a group of the Prophet companions like Salman, Miqdad, Abudhar and Ammar ibn Yasir were famous as Ali's Shi'a at the time of the Prophet.Shi'ism in the Prophetic era has characteristics such as devotion and submission to the Prophetic traditions, ascetism, piety, simple life, courage, fighting in the battle fields, faith and belief etc. These characteristics are marks that distinguish Shi'ism from other currents.

Given the factuality of the undesirable phenomenon of hadith forging in Islamic history and its damaging disadvantages for believers' thought and behavior that is a kind of sacrificing peoples' faith for the worldly and non-worldly benefits of some individuals or groups, each of the Islamic sects from the first tried to acquit themselves from that and charge others for it. Unfortunately in this field, the Shi'a had been more accused of hadith forging by some Islamic sects. In this paper, by referring to authentic sources and examining the existent evidences, it is tried to demonstrate that: are there some starters for hadith forging? And if there are, who are they?The result is that one cannot easily find specific starters for hadith forging in Islamic history, although one can distinguish some groups that add fuel it and certainly, despite of some Sunni scholars, the Shi'a are not from amongst.

Today Globalization challenged many countries, because Globalization means expansion of American economy, culture and policy all over the world. So, Globalization is used for the purpose of weakening the national sovereignty and authority of countries and finally eliminating small units or countries as well as their transformation or integration to the western world. Of course we cannot ignore the opportunities Globalization bring with itself, but these opportunities, in comparison to challenges and threats that it bring about, are few and insignificant. In another word, Globalization is an unconditioned competition in the entire world which would bring with it more income for the rich countries and more poorness for the poor.What harmful impressions the devil face of Globalization would have for the Islamic Revolution of Iran? What are the strategies and tactics to confront it? These are questions this paper tries to examine.

Because of Iraq's strategic situation in the meddle east and existence of rich sources of oil, this country had been target of colonialist governments' attention and during many years had been under their dominance. But due to social awareness and consciousness of people in the twentieth century, we have seen rising of freedom-loving uprisings of people in various countries especially in Iraq. In this regard, what is more evident is the role of the Shi'a in these movements and the religious authorities in leading these movements in order to remove England dominance and to establish an Islamic state. These uprisings could be fruitful in the past decades, if they had proper consistency and be more organized, but during Iraqis struggles it is seen that each uprising begins, although it causes people awareness and to some extent self-confidence, but defeated. This is because the Iraqi religious leaders have not Sufficient political knowledge and the governments always crushed t hem. This paper, in addition to examining the difficulties and obstacles of these movements, tries to provide some tactics.

Because the short life of Fatima Al-Zahra (p.b.u.h) after the Prophet (p.b.u.h) is from the major disagreements between the Shi'a and Sunnis, the character and life of that exemplar lady had been less reflec ted in Persian literature and poems. This subject in the first period of Persian poem that the Sunnis are dominant is especially true.Naser Khusruw (d. 481 A.H.) a fifth century poet, after a psychological and inner change, converted to Shi'ism. Afterwards, one of his main themes is praising the Ahl ul-Bayt (p.b.u.th) especially Fatima Al-Zahra (p.b.u.h). The place of intercession (shafa'a) of the lady in the Last Day, and the virtues of her husband and children as well as her being oppressed in this world have been especially reflected in Naser Khusruw's poems.Hakim Sanaei Ghaznawi (d. 535 A.H.) a fifth and sixth century poet, is from among the first formal Sunni poets that suggested Fatima Al-Zahra's (p.b.u.h) place and virtues in his poems. He introduced her by titles like Zahra, Khayr ul-Nisa' (the best of the women), Daughter of the Chosen man (Dokhtare Mustafa), Batul, Mother of Hasan and Husayn, and hence reflected a part of Fatima's character, place and being oppress ed.

Sectarian conflicts between Islamic sects always had painful consequences, although the dream of the chiefs and painstaking scholars of the Islamic Ummah was their unity. This paper tries to refer to a period of the Islamic history during which this dream to a great extent had been realized and it had some lovable consequences.