SAFINEH
Year:2007 | Volume:4 | Issue:15 (SPECIAL ISSUE ON THE QURAN AND HADITH)|Papers Count:8

In this essay, it is explained that God has granted knowledge about Himself to the mankind, and even to all animals as an innate and intrinsic knowledge. Such a knowledge is granted to mankind in the worlds of "Zarr" (where the human beings were created as pieces), and "souls". The creation of the souls before the creation of the bodies is asserted by the virtue of frequent Islamic traditions, and some points have been concluded. The interesting subject of classification of the souls, by referring to the statements in the Islamic traditions, "the souls are classified in groups and ranks" is explained.In a gereral study of the main traditions and exceptional ones, the main viewpoint of the Islamic doctrine is stated, and the view of Ayatullah Mesbah yazdi is criticized.

The famous Islamic tradition of "Home" (which refers to the first public invitation of the near relatives of the holy Prophet tor the lunch) is from the first events in the early history of Islam. But some of the radical Sunni writers, such as Ibn Taymiya had risen doubts about the correctness of documents about the qnumbsr of the invited persons, who were 40; the accommodations provided to them, the condition - acknowledged by the holy prophet - between the acceptance of the Prophet’s invitation and the nominated person as his successor, and virtues of priority in accepting Islam. Vaseti, the Sunni writer of the 4 tn century (A.H.), too, has expressed some doubts about the indication of the referred verse of Qur’an; such as: the imperative order of the verse; succession or obeyance; authencity of the traditions; non - obligatory position of the Caliphs; possibility of appearance of conflicts in the counity; such a condition is a useless act; such a succession would have been similar to tribal governence, etc. The respected writer of the essay has brought all the above protests and has provided clear and reasonable answers to them.In this article, by applying a descriptive approach, the qualities and characteristics of Imam Ali (p.b.u.h) are presented according to this name, nicknames, and titles, and they are analyzed in a descriptive manner. The earlier writers have also attended this field, and according to a research, about 200 name, nicknames, and titles of that holy Imam have been counted in the Sunni references and books. In this article, in an alphabetical list, 330 name, nicknames, and titles of that holy Imam are collected and explained along with the references. names, and nicknames are provided.

Imamat - the Divine Leadership - is a very important Islamic institution, that its clear and exact understanding will dissolve many disagreements and conflicts.In this essay, by virtue of the Islamic traditions expressed about the above verse, the position of "Imam" is introduced as a "generally obeyed institution". After discussing the lexical definition of "sovereignty" and "control", the true meaning of "ownership" is given; then it is stated that sovereignty and ownership have different steps. Moreover, the owner and holder of the "splendid Sovereignty" enjoys such a great stop of control and authority, that is far from our assumptions.In the words of the Islamic infallible leaders, "the splendid sovereignty" is explained an "the obligatory obey of God", "Imamat", and Divine successorship". The recent definitions and some other similar ones have been discussed in the Shia and Sunni commentary books. The relation between "the Splendid Sovereignty" and "existential of the Guardianship "is described an" Guiding Guardianship" and the control of the holy Imam(s) over the Divine destiny and judgement (for the people) is explained too. Again "the Splendid Sovereignty" is compared with the controf and sovereignty in the last Day, and its relation with prophethood has been discussed.

The great comprehensive pray (Ziyarat Jame’a kabira) is related to the holy Imam Hadi (p.b.u.h), and contains very excellent expressions in recognition of the virtues and characteristies of the infallible Imam. There have been some arguments about the documentation of this pray.In this essay, the writer provides some useful information about the procedure of evaluation of a tradition, and the chain of its narrators. Upon Ssch a background he concludes that the assessments and evaluations of the previous scholars in the field of the biographies of the narrators are not final and undeniable.In the next step he talkes about Mouse bin Emran Nakhaei, and on the account of the evaluations made by accredited scholars and narrators, reveals and shows him as a credible and authentic narrator. Then he argues about the credible documentation and chain of narrators of "ziyarat Jame’a..." from other aspects.

Behbahan, an ancient town in southern part of Iran, has been the cradle and growing place ofmany scholars Such as the great seyed Ali Behbahani.He was very interested in learning knowledge and religious teachings. He completed his Islamic studies under the instruction of the great scholars such as mirza Hossein Naeini, Agha Zia Araqi, Seyed Abul-Hosan Esfahani, and Mirza Agha Estahbanati. In turn, he taught many students in his academic courses.In this article his social, cultural, and educational activities have been discussed. His books, in general, and "Misbaah Al-Hedaya", have been introduced in particular.This valuable book is compiled in 40 chapters. In every chapter, one of the Qur’anic verses related to the holy institution of Imamat _divine Leadership - has been discussed in the light and an account of the traditions narrated in the Shia and Sunni collections, and the view of the Muslim commentators of the holy Quran. Some very reliable sources, including "Ghayat al-maram" have been referred in this book. Altogether, 15 characteristics of Misbaah al-Hedaya are expressed in this article.

Allameh karajaki is one of the greatest scholars and narrators of Shia (livedin 5th lunar century) who wrote many books on various subjects and issues. His Resala "Alebaneh" is written in the form of dialouge on the subject of "the Similarties of Reasoning" in proving Phrophethood and Imamat. In this Resala the reasons of M’otazeli in proving prophethood in response to jews’ misgivings and doubts are given as reasons of Shia in proving Imāmat in response to motazeli’s misgivings and doubts. The author his invoked to some reasons like necessity of logic, the verse of obeying authorities, the obligation of knowing Imams, Divine proof and miracles then after giving some explanations on action and spoken miracles, he pictured an imaginary discussion among 3 charactors each representing Shia, M’otazeli Jews to defend his belief and in response to misgivings on prophethood and Imāmat.