PLUME
Year:2010 | Volume:5 | Issue:10|Papers Count:7

Generally labeled as fantastic in nature, Maupassant’s short stories pose a serious problem. The very term “fantastic” is itself ambiguous; there have been many attempts to define what makes a work of literature “fantastic” in nature, but none of these attempts have managed to capture the essence of the genre in its entirely. What is most striking in Maupassant’s narratives is precisely his rejection of the fantastic almost as soon as it occurs. His texts contain as many attempts at rational explanation of the irrational as they do strange events which lie outside of reason’s domain. In order to create the “fantastic”, Maupassant uses different strategies. He introduces different types of contrast (both in lexical and descriptive level). He produces explanations for strange events. In order to achieve this, he uses different metaphors.However the presence of contradictory elements does not affect the coherence of the story, and therefore, the reality of the short story will remain untouched.

It is true that the New Novel in his own is a sort of deconstruction and it is considered such a literary current that almost oppose to all of the previous romantic process. It oppose to the other process at the XX century too. But it is just to tell that each New Novel's author has his own methods, which distinguish him from others. Nathalie Sarraute and Alain Robbe-Grillet, two serious pioneers of the New Novel, they have done all their efforts to question all possible orders applied in romantic's creation. In Robbe-Grillet's idea, the mechanisms of deconstruction reside in that he understands by the story, the mythology, the daily live, the game…, and for Sarraute, that is a simple game of language and pre-language, the dialogue, the monologue, the conversation and under-conversation etc. The study of two novels indicated, Gold fruits and Erasers, delivers us the secret of all process of writing that end up in deconstruction. In this discussion, we arrive at three differences between Sarraute and Robbe-Grillet : one is intellectualist and other is intellectual, when author of Erasers treats the visible, the author of Gold fruits take charge of invisible, and when Sarraute is creator of tropism, Robbe-Grillet is an absolute master of games and the multiforms technical.

Looking at Paul Valery's narrative identity, we have found that one of the questions aroused by his works is the reflexive perception or his most exact formulation the recurrence model in his vision. This reflexivity is in touch with the "me" who sees itself under the glance of the other one, and it has mirror function next to the mirror of the consciousness, that is the most important. In present article, our objective is to study the recursion to P. Valery under two additional aspects: on one hand, we will show that the recurrence character arises from a visual perception; on the other hand we will analyze how its statements represent this phenomenon. We shall try to discover it by following a semio-phenomenologique approach, but without neglecting the mathematical and philosophic aspect of this notion for all cases.

Linguistic communication is done in a mutual situation in which at least two people exchange their ideas. Speaking of the producer and its comprehension by the receiver (interlocutor) depend on many factors, such as: language knowledge, communicative etiquettes and the culture. By an educational purpose, the article wants to study how the linguistic communication in a foreign language course is. This Synoptic study provides the reader with advantages and disadvantages of some activities in the class and also gives some suggestions for oral speech furtherance of young Iranian students.

This paper examines the irony in one of the famous novels of Alain Robbe-Grillet entitled Les Gommes. Initially we will offer different definitions of irony with certain evidence we will show mechanism of irony and its functions. Irony in personification, narration, time and place, will be discussed. Finally it will be compared with Sophocle ‘s Oedipe Roi.

In addition to variety of translations in various fields taking place along the accelerating communication era, we are experiencing repeated translations from a single literary work. What are the reasons for translating a written impression that already is translated?This essay is aiming to produce a definition for translation, in order to study the existing differences between first translation and re-translation of the same work. In this research, the impact of elapsed time on the written translated maters is studied to find out why some translated impressions remain always brilliant, but few others lose their fame, as time passes by.

Synoptic study of the bibliography of the language teaching methods indicate that primarily, audio visual methods using applied linguistics have made the oral language outstanding and eminent .Since then, the new methods of language teaching have offered appropriate written exercises to the language learners. Due to the significance of the electronic communication in the present societies, the written language has become conspicuous, and therefore its socio-cultural role should be considered in the formulation of these methods. The present essay is aiming to demonstrate the deficiencies of the dictation teaching in different methods in order to encourage the trainees to compensate these shortcomings. Thus, the students could learn the regulations concerning the code of written language and become able to write and to read variety of messages (i.e. SMS & E-mails).