Journal of Family Research
Year:2016 | Volume:12 | Issue:47|Papers Count:9

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of premarital sex with the opposite sex among young people in Iran using meta analysis, differentiated with gender, age group and place of residence according to previous studies over the past 15 years (2001-2015). Among 147 published papers and reports, fifteen studies which met the criteria were selected. The data were analyzed using software of MEDCALC and CMA.The total sample size was 14989 adolescents and young people, non college students and college students, who were residents of Tehran, Ghazvin, Tabriz, Shahroud, Isfahan, Ghoochan, Karaj, and Lorestan with an age range of 16.6-23.5 years. The prevalence of premarital sex was estimated to be 22.5% in Tehran and 14.7% in other provinces. Without considering the weighted rate based on the proportion of the population of Tehran to the whole country, the mean would be 19.1% (CI: 14.4%-24.5%), and with considering the weighted rate it would be 16%. This rate is remarkably greater among men than women (29.1% vs.12.0%). A significant heterogeneity is observed by gender and geographical locations. Hence, about one sixth of the young populations in Iran are exposed to health risks (diseases) and social outcomes (delay at marriage) because of such relations which requires planning to encounter the conesquences of such phenomenon more than before.

The aim of this study was to compare attachment to parents, peers and siblings among involved (bulling, victim, and bulling-victim) and noninvolved in bullying in Yazd city. All of male and female students in the academic year 2013-2014 in Yazd included research population. A sample of 384 students were selected randomly through cluster sampling. Participants answered a sociometric questionnaire and also completed the Peer Relationship Questionnaire, the Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment, and the Inventory of Siblings Attachment. Multivariate analysis (MANOVA) indicated that there were significant differences in attachment to parents, peers and siblings between involved adolescents in bulling and noninvolved ones (p>0.0001). Regarding the attachment to parents, peers and siblings, noninvolved group scored higher than the involved groups. Also, among involved groups, the bully and the victim-bully groups received higher scores in attachment to mother prior to the peer attachment. Finally, the attachment to siblings in both groups was the lowest scores of attachment.

The aim of present study was to investigate the moderating role of equity perception and sacrificial behaviors on the relationship of spouse intimacy with marital quality among married employees of National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) in Ahvaz city. The statistical population was all of the NIOC married employees in Ahvaz city, and the sample included 400 subjects (186 men and 214 women) who were selected via classified random sampling. Intimacy Scale (IS), Perception of Equity Measurement (PEM), Perception of Sacrificing Behaviors Measurement (PSBM) and Quality of Marriage Index (QMI) were used for data collecting. The results of Pearson Correlation Coefficient indicated that there was a significant correlation (P<0.0001) between spouse intimacy and sacrificial behaviors with marital quality. Moreover, the adjusted regression analysis revealed that perception of equity and sacrificial behaviors had a moderating role on the relationship of spouse intimacy and marital quality. It can be concluded that the relationship between spouse intimacy and marital quality is not a simple linear association and it was adjusted and moderated by perception of equity and sacrificial behavior.

According to the research literature, marital distress is one of the most substantial affecting factors on physical and mental health and has considerable role in initiation, exacerbation, complexity and relapse of mental disorders.On the other hand the lack of clear diagnostic guidelines, has created an anarchy in clinical and research situations; therefore a great need for reliable diagnostic measurements in this regard has been felt. This study was designed to revise the Screening Scale for Marital and Relationship Discord (SSMRD) and consider the psychometric characteristic and diagnostic functional indices of in the couples of Isfahan city. The method this research was descriptive cross-sectional survey and subjects were 308 married women and men who were selected by convenience sampling method. After the clinical interview based on DSM-5, they completed the Screening Scale for Marital and Relationship Discord-Revised (SSMRD-R) and Marital Quality Index (QMI). Statistical analyses, particularly main factor analysis with Varimax rotation and ROC analysis revealed acceptable psychometric characteristic and diagnostic functional indices for SSMRD-R. This scale can be applied for clinical diagnoses in therapeutic, screening and research situations.

The importance of family relationships, as a significant indicator in mental health and improving life quality, is enhanced among individuals with chronic diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This study, which has conducted to investigate family relationship experiences in patients with MS is a phenomenological qualitative research.Subjects were 15 volunteers who were selected purposely to be deeply interviews. Information from these interviews was analyzed using the Colizzi and the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methods. The results identified three major categories (with two subcategories for each) in family relationships: “Parental relationships (parental and Inter-family conflicts, family supports)”, “Marital relationships (affectional and sexual relationships)”, “Relationships with children (children and reproducing)”. Family relationships is reported as a major concerns of MS patients in all level of parenting, children and couples. As the presence of chronic conflicts in family has been recognized to be significant in initiating and exacerbating symptoms of the disease; it is suggested that an empathic, understanding and supportive relationship can lead to improve the disease, enhance patients’ cooperation for treatment, elevate life quality and reduce the possibility of disease relapse.

Present study, aimed to assess the effect of parent-child play therapy on decreasing depression symptoms in children with cancer, decreasing perceived stress of their mothers and improving the parent-child relationship. A total of 14 children diagnosed with cancer were selected, among the patients of Dr.Sheikh Hospital in the city of Mashhad, and randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. Mothers completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS), the children completed the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), both in pre-test and post-test. Eight sessions of parent-child play therapy were adminstered separately for every pair of mother-child from intervention group. Data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance. Compared to the control group, CDI scores of intervention group reduced significantly from pre to post test. Also scores of PCRS increased significantly for the intervention group. PSS Scores of intervention groups was not significantly different from control group. As a result, parent-child play therapy can be effective in reducing depression symptoms of children with cancer, and improving the parent-child relationship; while, it was not effective for reducing mothers' level of perceived stress.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of life skills training on the mother-child relationship in mothers of children with hearing problems. The study’s procedure was experimental with pretest-posttest design employing a control group. The participants include 36 mothers of children with hearing problems in Shiraz who were selected by an available sampling method and assigned into experimental and control group, randomly; hence, each group included 18 mothers. Both groups had undergone a pre-test.The experimental group received life skills training in 12 sessions while the control group did not. After the intervention period the post-test was administered for both groups. The Roth mother-child relationship strategies scale (1961) was employed to assess the mother-child relationship strategies. The data analyses by ANCOVA showed that there was a significant effect in the mean score of mother-child relationship in mothers of children with hearing problems in the experimental group (p<0.0001) and increased the acceptance of child and reduced the overprotection, the overindulgence and the child rejection among the mothers of experimental group. Therefore, life skills training program construction and employment are highly recommendable to improve mother-child relationship strategies among mothers of children with hearing problems.

Iranian custody laws encounter with legal gaps and challenges. One of these challenges is the interference between the mother’s custody and the paternal grandfather’s guardianship in case the father is not alive. So, it was expected that the Family Protection Law from 2012 pays attention to this important issue, namely the problems which are arisen from the lack of mother’s right to child’s guardianship in families.But the Family Protection Law did not only pay attention to important legal gaps, its article 43 on child custody can even cause new problems for families. According to this article, in case of father death, paternal grandfather can prevent the mother from her right to child custody. Therefore, this article will focus on the issue that, concerning legal gaps on the maternal child custody in the absence of mother’s right to child’s guardianship, article 43 of family protection law only causes increasing problems in the field of custody. In addition, this article will give some suggestions about mother’s right to child’s guardianship, and will offer some revisions for article 43 of the Family Protection Law. These suggestions provide that in case of deceased father, no one, in any event, can prevent mothers from their right to child custody, except in cases of article 1173 of Civil Law that is about child custody deprivation of parents.