JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLITICS
Year:2016 | Volume:12 | Issue:28|Papers Count:9

Iranian laws about rent and especially commercial places, despite major changes in legislation, due to the lack of clear definitions in various fields of above issues, have made the courts and lawyers in its use with problems, because the legislative approach about the landlord and tenant relations in the years, 1977 and 1997 have been such that each is somehow violated previous laws, while each of these rules in its own sphereis still applicable. This leads to different interpretation of the rules, and consequently, disagreement between the lawyers. One of the conflicts is related to the right to acquire the goodwill and trade, which already there are confusions between lawyers in this regard. Therefore, these issues cause fundamental problems in the way the law is written. To find suitable solution for these problems, because, Civil law which reflects the French law completely, according to influence, in the law of many countries and leading to the establishment of these relations reasonably and in accordance with demands, in this study, it is studied in a comparative study of the laws of the country to achieve more reasonable results in this field. Of course, as we shall see, despite the apparent similarities between the landlord and tenant laws of Iran and France, there are practically fundamental differences (even in the definitions) between the two laws, which in the present study has attempted to study controversial issues related to this matter of the law.

Despite the physical presence of Non-governmental organizations in Iran from many years ago, these NGOs did not considered as an important and effective institutions in criminal procedures, unfortunately. One of the innovations of criminal procedure act of 1392, is fulfilment of the participative criminal policy principles by participation of NGOs in criminal jurisdiction procedure which pointed in article 66 of this code by legislator. This article, had been revised some days before the effective date of the law by which the proceeding right of the NGOs have been decreased to the indictment and bystander. Regardless the absence of legal, cultural and social infrastructures of the NGO's participation in Iran, the role of these organization is restricted to the criminal indictment and an attendance in the court sessions. Also in the action we face with the ambiguity in determination the qualification of NGO's which attend in the criminal procedures (Note 3 of Clause 66). Also, the quality of development of NGO's participation in the criminal procedure and supervising policies is not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the context and barriers of the NGO's activity in the criminal procedure and review the crucial role of the NGO's in prevention of crime and attending in the criminal procedures.

Trust contracts is an important issue that has always been disputed jurists and lawyers, nature, validity and limits of liability clause is faithful. The nature of this condition can result if the condition is; It requires the fulfillment of certain causes and breath tradition to be achieved, In other words, the property with the consent of his faithful sponsor any loss or defect of the Trust's property, It is also possible for the condition is a verb; That is, if the property in trust by the trustee have wasted no abuse or wastage or defect, he is bound to compensate damages;But the credit condition of liability in contracts Trust (the loan) is disputed; but we must say that this requirement is contrary to the requirements of the contract itself and illegitimate and based on the principle of free will and is valid And its reliability to the extent that existing laws, public order and morality not in conflict. As with any provision of these conditions can In connection with the parties or in relation to third parties is concerned.

After the takeover of the US embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, tension arose in two countries relations and then the political relations were broken off. The US was seeking to release the hostages. The responsibility of resolving this problem was entrusted by the leader of the Iranian revolution to the parliament which in turn passed a resolution creating four conditions for resolving the hostages' problem. Algeria was accepted by both parties as a mediator and two declarations and one document of obligations entitled as Algeria Accords were signed. The hostages were set free and the US accepted not to intervene in the Iranian internal affairs, to end litigation against Iran and to freeze the Shah's assets. Iran - United States Claims Arbitral Tribunal is a product of Algeria Accords' agreements which was created to deal with the conflicts and claims of the two countries.There are three criteria to distinguish the international nature of a tribunal:1) The founding document of the tribunal shall be an international one.2) The law governing it shall be international law. 3) The authorities controlling the tribunal shall follow international law.Without doubt, having the three criteria, the nature of above mentioned tribunal is an international one which using the rules and regulations of international law has founded a useful procedure within international law.

Crime with religious motivated is any criminal behavior that the main intention of committing it is acts of religious orders or to protect the privacy of religion but In the end action God is not only satisfies but is as a result of misunderstanding pretext it and the criminal will be. It must also be added to the above-mentioned cases most people after the crimes to absolve themselves from the charge the religious motivation resort the main motive to hide and this is more common than others. Research on the relationship between religion and crime, More to the point, have the That Religion is how to reduce crime and because when the crime rate is low. But in this article we are looking criminology crimes motivated by religion High volume of crime, especially crimes committed in all over the world is allocated. Therefore, this type of crime requires study and understanding of aspects of the crime, Their causes, Finally, Ways to prevent them from committing that these issues are discussed below.

Social demands are becoming more diverse, this diversity has been faced with "static" of law and "absolute" of morality. It has imposed frequent questions in form of analytics (metaphysics) and norms in the field of law and morality. Such questions and social demands have nodded the legitimacy of a legal system with the normative performance. Accordingly, we need to analyze the current approach for protecting the "legal right" and "moral right" to come in the end with appropriate reply to diversity of social demands. This study criticizes and analyzes the thoughts of John Austin, Kelsen, Hart and Kant. This assessment would be in the guise of "sovereign command" of John Austin, analysis of "particular methodology" of Kelsen, "the thesis of the separation of law and morality" of Hart and nonexceptionality of moral terms in Kant theory. In line with that, this research would present the uncertainty of current understanding of law and morality as so to give a chance to have an efficient legal system.