JOURNAL OF POPULATION ASSOCIATION OF IRAN
Year:2007 | Volume:2 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

National censuses provide us with a variety of statistics that can be used in sociological studies. This study attempts to analyze the structure and changes of Iran's social stratification on the basis of "job status" and "major occupational group" tables in national census publications from 1956 to 1996. In this study, after a review of the present literature on the theories of social stratification, a theoretical framework is suggested which presents Iran's social space on the basis of three dimensions of economic capital, socio-cultural capital, and political capital.Social agents occupy a place in this space on the basis of total amount of aforementioned capitals. The groups which have similar situations in this space constitute a social stratum.By combination of previous mentioned tables and using the characteristics of this social atmosphere, high, traditional middle, new middle and low strata as well as the proportion of each one in the total number of occupied people were identified .The comparison of results showed that extraordinary quantitative and qualitative changes have happened in the period under study.

Although advances in medical science, new drugs discovery, development of public health technology and improvement of food production have had serious effect on the reduction of mortality, but according to the findings of various studies, the reasons for such a reduction varies among countries and even between different parts of a country.The mortality indices, specially the infant mortality rate are important indicators for the evaluation of development and underdevelopment among the countries and regions of the world.The aim of this study is to review the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and ecological factors on causes of death and to estimate the death rates among different age and sex groups in Tehran metropolitan in 2005 and to analyze its epidemiological changes during the last thirty years.The results of this research compared with previous findings show that the level of mortality in all age and sex groups has noticeably decreased and, also, the causes of death have substantially changed. This research emphasizes on the importance of the study of mortality on health planning.

Induced abortion as one of the main demographic and maternal health risk factors, has drawn attentions of many researchers and scholars in demography and related fields. Despite of its crucial role in population and health dynamics, accompanying social, cultural, religious and many other types of sensitivities, makes it inevitable to employ indirect methods to study the prevalence and different aspects of the subject matter. This study, making use of the Proximate Determinants of Fertility model, introduced first by Bongaarts and Potter in 1983, is aimed at estimating induced abortion rates for urban and rural areas of different provinces in the country. Furthermore, fertility inhibiting effects of Induced abortion besides of some other proximate determinants such as; contraception, marriage, and postpartum infecundity on fertility are estimated.The study makes use of the Iranian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data, gathered in 2000 by the Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education by the technical and financial supports of some other national and international organizations.Estimates indicate that an average Iranian woman during her fertile life, assuming the employed natural fertility and the relative stability of survey-time age specific abortion rates, experiences 1.071 induced abortions (1.108 in urban and 1.012 in rural areas). Estimated induced abortion rates are highest in Isfahan province (1.7) and lowest in West Azerbaijan and Ardabil Provinces (close to 0). Gen (1rally speaking, provinces with higher socioeconomic status, urban areas, and provinces having higher proportions of literate women, are more likely to have higher rates of induced abortion. It seems, Induced Abortion, beside of other proximate determinants, played its role in rapid fertility decline in the country in recent years. Contraception was the main fertility inhibiting factor, preventing 59.3 percent of controlled fertility, and marriage (with 21.2 percent), induced abortion (with 15.8 percent), and postpartum infecundity (with only 3.8 percent) hold the next places, respectively. Looking for possible relationships between estimated rates and some other well-known induced abortion correlates according to the literature, estimations are validated and further discussed.

This research is conducted to the purpose of investigation and cognition of males' attitudes toward participation in family planning programs, also investigation of the relationship between social and cultural factors on attitude toward males' participation. This research is conducted by survey method and by questionnaire on 383 married men in the range of 25 to 50 years old in Shiraz. Theoretical framework used in this study is Talkot Parsons's theory of social action. The findings in descriptive part show that respondent’s attitudes toward males participation in family planning programs have been no longer positive and intervening variables such as sex preferences, religious values, gender patriarchal attitudes and the fear of consequences of using tools preventing fertility have a meaningful relation to respondent's attitudes, although these variables as cultural factors have meaningful relation to social variables. By and large the results of this research emphasize on males roles in family planning programs and the impact cultural variables on it.

The article aimed at declaring the women's reasons for having an unmet need for family planning and identifying its socio-economic determinants. The study is based on Iranian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) which was conducted in 2000.The results of study indicate that unmet need for family planning varies from 3.6% in Tehran city to 31.3% in rural areas of Sistan and Balouchestan (south east of Iran). A high proportion of women with unmet need are those who have experienced unwanted pregnancies. Health concerns about contraceptives and social disapprovals are other important reasons. The study shows that inadequate access to services and lack of knowledge about methods and outlets are not among the predominant causes of unmet need. The study identifies a significant relation between the unmet need and education, age at marriage and standards of living.

Having residential experience in a place can be one of the influential factors on migration propensity to that place. It is not possible to study this effect without taking into consideration other related factors. Thus, the theoretical model of the research has been formed by regarding other determinants of migration propensity and use of some migration theories. For evaluating the model and determining the effect of residential experience in Tehran on the rate of migration propensity to this city, the non- Tehran an students of Tehran, Shiraz and Mazandaran universities have been studied. Using survey method, the final analysis on the 371 students' responses has been done.Residential experience in Tehran is one of the effective factors on migration propensity to Tehran. In two factor analysis (T test), there was a meaningful correlation between migration to Tehran and residential experience, but in multi factor analysis (Path Analysis) the direct influence of residential experience on migration propensity was not meaningful and residential experience with 0.223 effect, indirectly influences migration propensity to Tehran. Regarding the results of the study, for the explanation of the effect of residential experience on migration propensity, the relative deprivation, E. Lees' Pull-Push Factors and network theories can be used.

In recent half of the century, accompanied bysocio-economic changes, Iran has experienced various demographic and geographical movements. Rural-urban migration particularly movement of rural workers to work in industry and service sectors has dramatically increased.This study investigates the living conditions of migrants working in informal labor market in Tehran city. In doing so a sample of 600 workers were selected and interviewed.The results of study indicate that most of migrant workers have migrated from less developed provinces and low socio-economic background. Unpleasant situation of them in Tehran and their unsustainable working situation have deteriorated their health and social wellbeing. Overall, migrant workers are in a very vulnerable condition in terms of age, education, income, place of living and lack of insurance.