INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Year:2008 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:15

Introduction: Each year many students leave their homes to enter university. While the new life gives them new opportunities, at the same time it encounters them with challenges and stressful situations. One of the consequences of these challenges is homesickness. The first step in studying this phenomenon in Iranian university students is to have a valid and reliable instrument. The present study aims at validating homesickness scale.Method: After translating the 45-item Utrecht Homesickness Scale and checking its credibility by several experts, 360 freshmen (f=210) were selected randomly from Shahid Beheshti University dormitories and completed the scale.Results: Exploratory factor analysis was applied in order to analyze the data, which resulted in the Persian form of homesickness scale consisting 36 items. Despite the reduction of items, the constructions remained the same as original scale.Conclusion: The present study is conducted in order to validate homesickness scale in students living in dormitories. A 36-item scale was extracted which justifies 52.5% of the variance. Although 9 items were removed from Persian form, the number of factors remained the same as original form.

Introduction: Test anxiety is the most important problem among students around the world. This study was about relationship between test anxiety and some personality factors on Semnan university’s students. Objective of this study was to find out relationship between test anxiety and introversion / extroversion and neuroticism.Methods: This study was a correlation study. Sample of this study were 300 bachelor students (150 boys, 150 girls), who randomly selected from Semnan University. Test anxiety scale and Eyzenck personality scale, were used for collection data. Pearson correlation coefficient, t–test, and regression was used for analyzing data.Results: Results showed that test anxiety has significant positive correlation with neuroticism. But there was no significant correlation between introversion and extroversion with test anxiety. Introversion and extroversion had significant correlation with neuroticism. But between girls and boys there were no significant differences on test anxiety, neuroticism and extroversion/ introversion. Only neuroticism could predict test anxiety.Conclusion: It seems students who are neurotic experience more test anxiety and their internal factors affect on their academic problems.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to use a psychological model to explain the effects of individual differences in trait anxiety and stressful situational on the processing efficiency and working memory performance. It was designed to test Eysenck and Calvo, processing efficiency theory.Method: A sample of first year college students (n=283) completed the trait measure of the Spielberger State – Trait Anxiety Inventory. After scoring, 48 subjects belonging to the .25 percent of upper distribution and 48 subjects from the .25 percent of lower distribution were selected. They were then randomly assigned to four groups based on level of anxiety (high / low) and exposure to threat/ nonthreat. Measurements of task accuracy were taken as an indicator of performance outcome or effectiveness. Time taken to complete task and a subjective rating of mental effort were taken as measurement of performance efficiency. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.Results: Analyses explored the effect of trait anxiety (high versus low) on mental effort rating. There was significant interaction effect of trait anxiety and experiment conditions on time and accurate responses.Conclusion: The results suggested that the high anxiety group increased their effort in order to maintain levels of performance comparable to the low anxiety group. When the conditions were stressful the high anxiety group was lower performance.

Introduction: Todays Addiction is a Personal Social and Familial problem. Addiction affect on mental health and family status. These papers try to compare child-rearing quality and mental heath status between addict and non-addict adults.Method: The method of this research was post-facto and sectional styles. In another word in this research two groups (Addicts and non – addicts) were assessed by child – rearing styles in past and mental heath status in present time. The population was included of 25 Addict adults and 25 non addicts who were selected by at-reach methods. The used tools were SCL90 for mental health status assessment and family environment questionnaire for child-rearing styles. For analyzing were used from descriptive tests and independent T test.Results: results show that mental heath statue between nonaddict like psychotism, phobia, aggression, Anxiety, depression, Interpersonal Sensitivity are better than somatization, obsessive- Compulsive and paranoid. But between two groups.Conclusion: Child – rearing styles like control – freedom haven’t meaningful relationship. In other word, In non – addict families, parents treat warmly and affectively and in addict families; parents behave coldly and un affectively.

Introduction: The present research is concerned with the assessment of Ego development in subjects who were cosmetic surgery applications and compare them with non applicant subjects. Method: For this purpose, a sample group (with 70 Ss.) were chosen from three cosmetic surgery clinics in Tehran, Also comparison group (with 70 Ss.) were chosen from two dentistry clinics. The two sample groups were matched according to age, education and socio-economic status. To assess the Ego development, all the participants completed the Loevinger Sentence Completion Test. Using the t test for independent samples. Result: the results revealed that the applicant group has lower levels of Ego development criterion in comparison with nonapplicant group. Conclusion: It seems that the Ego development level has a considerable role in body image acceptance and the individuals with higher levels of Ego development can resolve their conflicts more easily.

Introduction: Occupational burnout is one of job risks that have attended in recent Years. This problem in addition to the appearance of physical undesirable effects and psychologic complication caused decrease efficiency losening of humanistic power especially in professional services. Regarding to nurses roles 10 medical health system and necessity of high motivation for health immunity of great class and their authorities so their research is carried out for studying of Nurses occupational burnout in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran medical sciences university. Methods: This research is a correlational and descriptive cross sectional study that selected 200 nurses by probability multistage method. In this study in addition to information about variables frequency of bum out by using of statistic tests for describe relation between these variables. The tools were two questionnaires such as demographic characteristic, maslach occupational burnout inventory. Results: The finding of present study showed that more samples were low level respect to times and intense of occupational burnout in emotional fatigue and depersonalization dimensions and most of them were high level in dimension of individual efficiency. Also there was significant correlation between depersonalization and intensity of job in emotional fatigue and depersonalization with record of service. Conclusion: As the result showed regarding to intense and times burn out individual non efficiency in nurses was high level. That confirm to results of Lopez Franco & et al (2005). The high level Job burnout in this dimension can be marked negative Attitude toward self and profession, disinclination to job satisfaction and self reliance deduction in individuals.

Introduction: This study was conducted to find the effect of instructing role-play on improving self-concept of adolescent girls.Methods: At first, all students in one of the mid-schools in Tehran were selected by census and filled out Beck self-concept inventory. In the second step, 202 students who got the lowest scores were selected and randomly divided into two groups (101 in case and 101 in control group). Then, the case group had six 90-minute sessions of instructing role-play. At the end of the training, both groups had a test. Data were analyzed using mean score difference analysis of pre-test, post-test and t test.Results: The results showed a significant difference between the students who received the training and those who did not with regards to self-concept.Conclusion: Instructing role-play can be used as an efficient way to improve self-concept in adolescent girls.

Introduction: The purpose of current research was to examine the roles of rumination and negative, positive metacognitive beliefs about rumination in beginning and continuous of depression among students in Isfahan University.Method: The statistical population was Isfahan University. The sample included 120 students (60 girls and 60 boys) that they were randomly selected. The instruments of research were Beck depression, Metacognitive beliefs about rumination scales and Rumination inventory.Results: The results of correlation and regression analysis showed, there are correlation coefficients between depression and rumination(r=0/74), between depression and positive beliefs (r=0/53) and between depression and negative beliefs (r=0/56). (p<0/05). Also the results showed, there are correlation between rumination and positive beliefs (r=0/48) and between rumination and negative beliefs (r=0/48) and between rumination and negative beliefs(r=0/58).The results of regression analysis showed rumination can predict 54% the changes of depression, and with entering negative beliefs this prediction get to %64. Therefore, the portion of rumination in depression is 54%, portion of positive beliefs is 3/9% and portion of negative beliefs is 1/3%.Conclusion: The results of this research showed rumination, negative and positive metacognitive beliefs can predict depression.

Introduction: In order to validate and investigate reliability of the Weight efficacy Life Style Questionnaire (Clarck et al, 1991). Method: 100 randomly selected student of Shahid Beheshti University participated in this study. Applied methods were: item analysis (degree of difficulty, discrimination coefficient, loop method), validity (content validity, construct validity that consists of confirmative factor analysis and internal correlation) and reliability of factors and total score. in cofirmative factor analysis 5 factors (negatiye emotions, availability, social pressure, physical discomfort and positive activities) were confirmed.Result: The reliability of this test (Cronbach,s Alpha) for factors was between 0.71 to 0.78.Conclusion: Considering result of this study, the Weight efficacy Life Style Questionnaire is reliable and can be use in relate to eating behaviors and weight control researches in Iran.

Introduction: The goal of the present research was to examine the relationships between God images and images of parents, self, and important others.Methods: Some 240 students (118 boys & 124 girls) of Shahid Beheshti University were chosen through accessible proportion sampling. Subjects completed the Questionnaire of Objects Relation: Images of God, Self, and Important Others (Mazaheri, et al., 2006; rebuilt scale of Lawrence, 1997). Pearson correlations indicated significant correlations between the variables. Analyzing data with the regression revealed that images of parents and self are more efficient predictors of the God image. Independent t-tests showed significant differences between genders; i.e. girls had more positive images about the relation objects: parents, self and God.Results: Regressions revealed gender differences in terms of predicting image of God by images of parents, self and important others; i.e. images of parents and self were stronger predictors of the God image for girls, in comparison with boys.Conclusion: Quality of parent – child relationships and the role of the attachment theory, as well as the theories of object relationships in formation of the images of parents, self and God are discussed. The observed differences between genders are interpreted in terms of Differences in values perspective and parenting styles and religious education.