ENVIRONMENTAL BASED TERRITORIAL PLANNING (AMAYESH)
Year:2012 | Volume:5 | Issue:17|Papers Count:10

Basically, development is a multi-dimensional issue, which needs substantial changes in social and cultural structures besides economic growth, diminishing poverty and eliminating social inequalities. Various theories have been introduced on growth and many strategies, policies and plans were designed based on these theories. One of these theories that have been considered in our country. s policies is the Growth Pole Theory. With respect to this fact, this study aims to review and analyze this theory and investigates the results of applying this theory on city development in khorasan Razavi province. Based on this, the current paper deals with analyzing and reviewing Growth Theory using ranking of cities based on development indicators and numeral taxonomy. Results of correlation coefficient and significance level in selected factors shows that increase or decrease in distance from capital (Mashhad) has no effect in rank or development level of cities, rather in some cases it shows reverse effects, which have been discussed in details. Therefore, it is assumed that one can verify theoretical and/or practical models which are able to provide developmental and social equity characteristics all together. As the minimum finding, it is assumed that one can choose the best model to reach developmental goals which make most of these characteristics available.

In this study, the flooding passages of Rasht were assessed using Geographic Information System (GIS). The passage has been studied while flooded due to overflowing compound collection network and lack of water and sewer capacity and the hydraulic proper disposal of surface water due to the occurrence of extreme events occurring in the city. In this situation, streets and sidewalks, homes located in low land areas and large ring roads are flooded. Using GIS technique and the information in a library as well as field visits, the study was conducted to determine the characteristics of action of the different climatic, physiographic, hydrological of the city. Since the rain is the basic factor of the producing the surface and underground waters, this study focuses on important factors at flood time including the month, season, year, rain, max-daily and the sever. Duration and abundant as the most relevant varables. The Impermeability of the city basins and the changes that are made due to the growth and development of the city such as omission of the fluvial covers, the soil density and generating of the collecting system and guiding the surface water. Briefly, if there is incapacity of the discharge place for receiving and the safe repulse of the city flood water, it is possible that the runoff results from raining in inside network specially in the bottom regions pack and after completing the transmitting canal capacities, leads to distributing the water in the city specially in the deep and lowlight regions that are covered by the city drainage system. The aim of this research is to investigate the human factors which help froming the construction or destruction of natural vegetation and passage covers in flood water as well as offering suggestions towards the repulse of the passage flood waters in the studied confined.

Development is a complex process that one might obtain with changing social structure, people's idea about national institutions, speeding up the growth of national economy, demolishing inequality and poverty, setting social justice and resistance of environment.Therefore, educational indexes and profiles representing educational development in society are among the most important milestones of development.This study investigates the developing status in Khozestan towns using Numerical Taxonomy Method. Accordingly, educational index is considered as an evaluation tool of development status. In this index researchers define the developing rate employing 8 educational variant forms in Khozestan townships during 1379-1389 (2000 to 2010). Researchers have used padding and library methods to gather the information that they have used in the Numerical Taxonomy Method. The results show M.I.S and Ramhormoz are at the bottom of educational index with coefficient of development as small as 0.4, and, 0.73 had been located as the most developed and endowed and developed towns, respectively, while, Ahvaz and Omidieh with coefficient of development of 0.74 and 0.48had been found as the least developed and the most developed towns in Khozestan in 1379 (2000), respectively.

This research has attempted ecological approach in the coastal city development. The first step taken was studying urban development pathology. The damages occurred to the coastal ecosystem were determined as being caused by city planners negligenc. This was followed by investigating if city planning have had any positive effects on urban development as this approaches was considered significant due to certain available conditions on the site. This research has discovered that authorities can still afford removing problems of NOOR ecological city. Further, it was revealed that, if ecological factors. ecological footprint decrease, variation in activity, vertical development in the peripheral district and promoting of social-economic condition of citizenship. would all be in scope of near future.

Housing is one of the pressing issues in the developing countries. Lack of adequate resources, financial management weaknesses, lack of comprehensive planning of housing and other infrastructure failures in the economy on the one hand, and the rapid increase in urban population on the other hand, make providing shelter a problematic and multi-dimensional issue in these countries. According to statistics, about one hundred million people around the world are incapable of possessing shelter. To top it up, it is estimated that there are one billion people who suffer from lack of adequate housing. To achieve optimal planning of housing all aspects of the present situation of housing and related facilities should be reviewed and analyzed. This article reviews the current status of housing in Sardasht city in terms of qualitative and quantitative indicators. This study is applied descriptive research the results of which reveal the current unacceptable housing patterns where the pressing housing issues are left unattended.

In spite of human's wondrous advances in technology, the earthquake is still an unpredictable phenomenon that any negligence to how to deal with it may lead to catastrophic damages to the human habitations. Due to the diversity of its topics, urbanism knowledge can play an effective role in decreasing damages of the earthquake. The main objective of this article is to recognize the current problems and difficulties in the common patterns of urban fabric and to find a solution for earthquake-related problems. The methodology of this research is descriptive- inductive and library surveys and includes inductive-modeling. Additionally, modern knowledge of GIS (Geographic Information System) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is used along with urbanism criteria to assess the vulnerability of two common patterns of urban fabric including chess and organic fabrics. Results demonstrate that the chess fabric provides better conditions in decreasing earthquake-based damages rather than organic fabric.

Today, with population increase and urban development of cities, the term green space and urban green space applications have been paid more attention. Many of these larger cities do not feel the need of having more green space. However, industrial development and citizens caused destructive effects of various environmental causes, have most notably been of a variety of air and noise pollution. The negatives effects of this development have, however as the most important factors, helped the development of green spaces in the cities. In this paper, an urban green space area with a look at Zahedan has been studied.Based on findings of this study, the population of 253,252 in Zahedan and a regional landscape of the existing 221,517 square meters in 1388 (2009) had per capita green space around the 0.9 square meter, while, the standards of urban green space is about 15 meters per capita.Zahedan need at least 8 square meters per capita with respect to its special condition and that the existing standard with is far from the suitable recommended space. Totally Zahedan. s green space in this region consists of only 14 Parks, 4 Fields and 9 Boulevards in the center of this region and other urban areas, especially in a north and south regions where the roads are deprived of any green space. Findings derived from this study reveal the urban area population of approximately 378,376 people in the future which will be ten years from now, and with respect to the environmental conditions of the region, at least 8 square meters per capita in a city Patent of about 3027008 square green spaces in this area will be required. In other words, in ten years from now, about 2,805,491 square meters of new green space will be needed in this area, the layout and distribution can be optimized to a minimum standard of per capita urban green space.

The issue of people management and people participation is a new topic that has entered into the field of urban management. According to this pattern, decisions relating to municipal affairs are taken by cooperation with government, private sector and civil society and this pattern challenge policy-making commonly practiced by the central government. One of the important issues in a democratic system, is people's participation in city plans and projects. This paper attempts to analyze people management patterns and assess factors affecting citizen participation in urban management based on findings from a field survey of the region of five municipalities of Isfahan. Methods of gathering information were library research, documents and field (questionnaire), which lead to deciding on the type of the study as descriptive-analytical. The process of the study concluded that discussion-participation is common in between the relevant institutions and organizations, yet it is problematic as true participation and institutionalization among officials and citizens, especially in the studied society (the region five of the municipalities of Isfahan) was found in need of working solutions.