ENVIRONMENTAL BASED TERRITORIAL PLANNING (AMAYESH)
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:5|Papers Count:10

The mass movement is one of the natural hazards which with regard to frequency and its strength has two consequences direct consequences (blocking the rods and the direction of waterways, burring the residential areas and service installations) and indirect consequences (environmental unpleasant effects, becoming the soil useless, increasing the sediments and dregs and decreasing the capacity of dam). The present research carried out on Kalan dam watershed in Malayer to distinguish the effective factors in the mass movement and recognize prepared areas for mass movement and appointing the weight which states the standard role of these factors in mass movement occurrence. In this research, factors such as Lithology, space of faull, slop, altitudinal surfaces and rainfall are chosen as the most effective factor in the mass movement occurrence. By using geological maps. Topography and aerial photos in the from of geographical information system (GIS). And ArcGIS software, they used the LNRF model in the maps of the research in the numerical and stratum from for analyzing the obtained data through studying the effective variances as the research conceptive tools. In the end they prepared the zoning map of the mass movement dang by combining the various strata (layers) through weighting to the effective factors and their algebraic conclusion and the result show that the LNRF model is a good competence to study the data and zoning the mass movement or in the basin of Kalan dam.

Runoff estimation is an important part of water resources management of watersheds. Although a lot of physical and statistical methods are available which apply different watershed parameters, the black box artificial neural networks are more suitable methods.In this study, a multilayer perceptron network is applied for estimation of daily runoff from daily rainfall of Plasjan Basin. At first, daily rainfall series of 3 stations and daily discharge of Plasjan station were normalized and according to autocorrelation and cross correlation of rainfall-runoff data, 6 variables were selected as input of the network and a 4-hidden-layer network was found to be more valid comparing with other networks.

The long history of apple production in Iran goes back to prehistory. The culture and Knowledge of horticulture is diffiused from Iran to other Parts of the world.Damavand is one of the important axis of apple production in Tehran province.Medical importance of apple based on the existence of essential elements like iron, various acides and vitamins . . . in it makes an important fruit for human consumption.Apple is produced in areas with cool temperature and in mountainous milieu of Damavand with abundant water supplies which makes the best conditions for its growth.But, extreme temperature , violent winds and deposits of Nitrogen in soil are harmful factors in apple product.Apple tree needs an annual precipitation of over 500 mm with 60- 80 percent humidity.

This article tries to analyze development indexes in different districts & Hamedan province using factor analysis technique and spearman ranking co-relation. The approach has been quantitative analytic with 51 combination cases. In process the 57 cases were reduced to 5 final factor which explains 95.475 percent & total community. Development levels according to spearman ranking order is:Level one: Asad Abad, Razan districts.Level two: Hamedan, Malayer, Nehavand and Kabutarahang districts.Level three: Bahar and Tooyserkan districts.After the application & population services indexes development priorities are: First group: Bahar and Tooyserkan districts.Second group: Hamedan, Malayer, Nehavand and Kabutarahang districts.Third group: Asad Abad and Razan districts.

Gangname waterfall as one of the great ecotourism and geotourism attraction of Hamadan, is one of the crucial tourism region in Iran. Thus scruhnizing its ecotourism value is benifical to prognosticality need, removing way shortages and developing tourism in the region. The objective of the current research is to assess the ecotourism value of Gangname waterfall using Congitional Valuational Method to examine in fluentional factors on tendency towards visitors arrangement, Logit pattern was estimated by Contigent Valuation Method. Required data were collected througt filling up questionnaire and confronting interview with 180 visitors of the mentioned region. Results showed that 75 percent of the visitors were eager to pay some money for seeing this waterfall. It is worth mentioning that some variables such as education level, Gangname attraction, income level and pay have meaningful effect on tendency probability toward visitors, arrengment. However, other variables such as age, gender and family size were not stastically meaningful, while possessing expected signs. The average tendency towards payment away visitors was 5100 Rials and the annuale ecotourism value of Gangname waterfall was estimated approximately 1883000000 Rials.

Tabriz city is located on a big and active fault The length of this fault is about 500 Kilometers from the western Borders of Azerbajan up to mianeh and sarab. This fault system includes great mountain ranges like Bozgush, Mishodagh , Morodagh. Throughout the history Tabriz and the neighbouring cities have been destroyed several times. Tabriz fault which includes the northwestern fault of mishodagh with SE – NW trend is sliding right it is one the most quaking faults of Iran in Azerbajan region. In different parts of this fault, there are morphological phenomena which one caused by the geological activities. The findings of the research shows that boghmisheh, valiaser and silab. Districts are of dangerous parts of the city. From tectonical point of view regarding the distribution of minor faults. The whole region is vulnerable against earthquakes.

Tehran– megalopolis is one of the largest city s that it s artificial loading end expansion of spacein occurred on active seismic belt of Alp Hymalia and it is vital to observe the technological and scientific laws and it demand various researches.The research approach was descriptive – analytic in which the researcher has used some data of Geographic Information System (GIS). Faults, the trends of earthquake occurrence in Tehran, the investigation of historical trend of the city expansion, and particularly .the constructions of the recent decades are included and the results of the analysis indicated that the development of the city, Tehran, along seismic belt Alp Hymalia carelessly occurred without any control and scientific support and this is also keeping on now.The research and the study of the seismic aspects of Tehran and its outcomes can lead to alert the sense of reality of the government as well as people and it many have positive effects.

Arid and semi arid ecosystems of Iran are exposed to anthropogenic degradation and conservation programs require the study of vegetation population and environmental factors in order to rehabilitation. The study area covers more than 29291.3 hectares of north of Kerman province. The method of Physionomic-floristic-ecologic was used to separate different vegetation populations and the random walk sampling method was used for sampling. The 1010´m (100 m2) quadrates were applied to estimate vegetation cover, litter, stone and bare soil cover. The physographic and climatic maps together with soil maps were prepared and the habitats of different vegetation types were prepared. The habitats are arranged in mosaic forms and make ecoton areas and increase diversity. Alhagi pseudoalhagi,Amygdalus scoparia,Artemisia sieberi,Lymonium iranicum, Petropyrum oucheri, Zygophylum eurypterum ,Tamarix sp There are 12 distinct vegetation populations including: Alhagi pseudoalhagi, Amygdalus scoparia,Artemisia sieberi, Lymonium iranicum, Petropyrum oucheri, Zygophylum eurypterum ,Tamarix sp.