ENVIRONMENTAL BASED TERRITORIAL PLANNING (AMAYESH)
Year:2016 | Volume:9 | Issue:32|Papers Count:8

Since World War II various theories have been planned and executed in the field of regional development. But no theory has been most effective than the theory of Growth Pole especially in the developing countries. Growth pole theory was chosen as a main strategy to achieve development in most developing countries such as Iran, from 1960. Khouzestan province, where its capital is Ahvaz, is among the areas in which the growth pole policies were applied. Ahvaz was regarded as a pole of development in various ways during the periods before and after the revolution. Due to the importance of this subject, this study aims to investigate the theory of growth pole in Khuzestan using the effect of distance from the capital on the development of Khuzestan's cities. The present study is practical and analytical in nature in which the descriptive method research was employed. The library method was applied for gathering data and library documents, statistical yearbooks and various is located on the first level of development. Regional distribution of development in the Khouzetan's cities is also associated with the distance from the capital (i.e. Ahvaz). The cities which have greater distance from the Ahvaz have been further developed.

Examining living conditions in urban housing is necessary to maintain sustainable management of the cities. This research tries to survey the house of Bushehr citizens in both the inner and outer domains and provide solutions in this area. The Research Method in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Data was collected by a survey of 255 households with 5- point Likert scale entered in SPSS software version20. Nonparametric tests of Binomial and Spearman correlation were used to better understand the situation of domains affecting the quality of urban housing. The results indicate that in13 studied components of the two domains; just the qualities of the four components are unfavorable from the viewpoint of citizens and overall, 53% of residents are satisfied with the quality of their housing. It is recommended that according to priority, the quality of the road network, water, gas and recreational facility should be scheduled on the agenda to enhance the quality of Bushehrurban housing and then improvement of the other component of housing quality should be considered. Spearman correlation test results also shows a relationship between age and educational level of residents with some of the dependent variables in both the inner and outer domains. Therefore, it should not be ignored that the individual characteristics of citizens in the urban housing studies and projects are important.

Ecological foot print, as one of the most important sustainability indicator, which was initially introduced by Wackernagel and Rees in 1992, has received considerable attention and has been promoted as a policy and planning tool for sustainability. The methodology of this article is based on descriptive and explanatory method. The main purpose of this research is to determine ecological footprint of township of kermanshah. The findings show that the ecological footprint in the township of Kermanshah is 2.445 hectares per person. This value have been distributed in five main groups: Food 1.225 (ha), housing; 0.615(ha), transportation;0.275(ha), consumer goods; 0.27(ha) and Services; 0.06(ha).The results confirm the fact that the township of Kermanshah to meet the needs of its viability is dependent on the area beyond the township of Kermanshah .Since the bio capacity of 0.8 hectares for Iranian, Ecological footprint is 2.445 hectares in Kermanshah township means three times larger than their share of environmental capacity allocated to the township 's sustainability. In other words, it can be stated that taking the current trend continues, the township of Kermanshah for food, energy and land requires to absorb the carbon dioxide Space equivalent to 10 times larger than township itself and 3.3 fold of Kermanshah province.

Today, with respect to the role and importance of urban green space in urban life and its physical stability and effectiveness of urban systems and benefits in different ecological, social and economic, it is undeniable to use green space per capita in urban areas as one of the basic issues in planning and urban management. Urban green space, including land use and distribution that it is important in the Mashhad city, including the cities of the status of green space, is not appropriate; so that based on the findings, the average green space per capita in Mashhad is 5.51, m, while the standard MHUD is 12 square meters per capita . Therefore, it has suggested, there seems to exist a huge gap. However, its spatial distribution is very unbalanced and disproportionate. Green space areas such as Samen with 1.2, square meters and 21 square meters has per capita area of only seven. The method of this study was descriptive-analytic and theoretical-practical. The nature shows that, contrary to national and international standards for green space, the green space in the city is very low and its spatial distribution in twelve areas in Mashhad, is also facing a severe failure and is not balanced in this regard. In this study for analysis to determine the optimum location of green space model layers required Logic Fuzzy, AHP and means nearest neighbor were used for the operation of the software of ARC / GIS and Expert choice. Five spectra of very good, good, fair, poor and very poor were recognized. Then the act of prioritizing was rendered.

CFSR data with a spatial resolution of one tenth and hours of time (01 and 07 GMT) was extracted from 2006 to 2008 for the month of January, and Albedo monthly and hourly average, the net flux of radiation in terms were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows: Albedo ratio in the West of Yazd city is more than the east due to city texture and Architecture of Yazd city. The amount of Aledo in the city area is reduced roughly to 2 percent because of the precipitation. Average outgoing long wave flux at night in the northern area is more than the south area. The difference is 4 watts per square meter. This difference is due to the heat generated by the anthropogenic phenomenon. Because of the atmospheric turbidity in the northern area incoming short wave radiation is lower than that south area in cloudy and clear conditions. So, in the cloudy weather conditions, it received only 15 percent of the energy input in the clear condition. The amount of sensible heat flux is not high in the city this month. In the early hours of the night in the northern part of the city a sensible heat flux remains negative due to the production of anthropogenic heat. Sometimes the difference between north and south of the city is eight watts per square meter. Like other components of the radiation budget of the terrestrial heat flux distribution is not uniform and the amount in the south is more than that north. During the day the distribution is different in the north and south of about 21 watts per square meter. Latent heat flux between the north and south of the city is observed, while sometimes the opposite is taking place.

Today, the finding organizations and the optimal organization of space in cities is a major aim in order to create sustainable development for cities. In the meantime, location and optimal establishment activities as well as the proportional distribution in cities and towns are highly effective in achieving optimal physical arrangement. The research method deployed is a descriptive - analytic one that has been carried out in order to perform optimal site selection of educational space in urban areas, with emphasis on locating schools in 6th area of Ahvaz. To achieve the above objective and analysis of information obtained, Fuzzy Delphi AHP (FDAHP) and Cut Fill functions are used. To locate the optimal place Arc GIS software is used for prioritization of urban land uses in proximity to schools. In this research the feedback information (Comments) of 15 experts have been obtained and analyzed. The results show that, according to weights obtained from Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Process (FDAPH), residential land use is a top priority for the schools neighborhood.

The recent changes in growth and development of urbanism and the resulting physical development of cities have caused the emergence of numerous problems which not only threatens the citizens, but also the whole environment exposed to its resulting complications. Considering the fact that most urban population growth in the future world will be in developing countries, there are more concerns in such countries for moving towards a sustainable development. Mahmoudabad, as a seaport in Mazandaran province, is faced with several environmental problems such as unauthorized sand extraction, existence of uncovered and odorous raceways with household waste joining them, vermin living in named raceways etc. Regarding this issue, the environmental sustainability of Mahmoudabad is examined in this paper. For this purpose the SWOT model is employed and also Questionnaire are filled out by three distinct groups including civilians, authorities and experts. The findings indicate that strategies with most urgent priorities for Mahmoudabad's urban environment sustainability include the strategies for correct locating of industries by experts, providing upgrades in facilities regarding urban planning in waste collection and prevention of environmental pollution, creating an integrated urban management in order to commence or completing drainage channels and replacing channels and raceways and completion of half-finished construction projects through the income from tourism.

Due to the geopolitical conditions, Iran has always been exposed to different dangers (war) posed by human beings and nature in its historical development, and as a result, has suffered lots of losses and casualties. Therefore, it seems necessity to consider passive defense factor in the city system and the process of the development of modern cities due to the existence of various dangers. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the structure of Bonab city for planning passive defense factor. The type of research is analytical-descriptive and applied. To achieve the purpose of study, SWOT technique was deployed. In order to identify the internal and external factors, field studies using Likert scale and the Delphi technique were considered. The results revealed that the final score of internal Matrix were 3.151 and 2.365 for internal and external matrixes, respectively. Therefore, the strength points facing the different structures of Bonab city in order to plan the passive defense factor outweigh the weakness points. In addition, the external threats related to different structure of the city outweigh the opportunities for developing passive defense factor. Ultimately, the offensive strategies were proposed for planning the passive defense factor in Bonab city.