Pars Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:14 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Surfactant injection is used for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants through Intubation-SURfactant-Rapid Extubation and conventional mechanical ventilation. This study aimed to compare the prematurity complications in neonates treated with one of these two methods.Material and methods: This descriptive study examined records of 120 preterm neonates hospitalized in NICUs of hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2012-2013. Eligible neonates were non-randomly assigned to conventional treatment based on the admission year (mechanical ventilation in 2012 and Intubation-SURfactant-Rapid Extubation in 2013). Required variables extracted from their records were entered into the questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 14 and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The results showed that death, intraventricular hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (p=0.01), retinopathy of prematurity (p=0.03) and pneumothorax (p=0.001) were significantly less in the INSURE group than in the mechanical ventilation group. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the pulmonary hemorrhage (p=0.4), sepsis (p=0.29) and patent ductus arteriosus (p=0.24).Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, INSURE method is safer than mechinaical ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress. Therefore, further studies are suggested in order to use this method for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonatal intensive care units.

Introduction: Carbapenems is on second line therapy of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and are the last defense line in critical infections Enterobacteriaceae family but Carbapenems resistance is increased so there are some problems when Carbapenems resistance is increased. Therefore, a new study about carbapenem resistance is necessary.Materials and Methods: This study collected 196 isolated bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae family from Hospitals patient of Tehran and evaluates them by phenotypic and biochemical methods. Also, the researcher studies the disk diffusion method and use it to determine antibiotic sensitivity of all bacteria according to the CLSI standard table.Results: From the total of 196 bacteria collected, the resistance to Meropenem is %39.79 and Imipenem is %45.91 and 30.10 percent to Meropenem and Imipenem resistance so that the percent resistance of bacteria is as follows: Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to Meropenem is %39.62 and Imipenem is %43.39. Meropenem and Imipenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae family are as follows: Salmonella resistance to Imipenem and Meropenem is %0 and %50, Citrobacter koseri the resistance to Imipenem and Meropenem %0 and %50, Citrobacter freundii Meropenem resistance of %28.57 and Imipenem %28.57, Escherichia coli resistance to Meropenem %39.70 and Imipenem %47.05, Klebsiella oxytoca resistance to Meropenem %46.6 and %40 Imipenem and Meropenem resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae %34.14 and Imipenem %53.65, respectively.Conclusion: There is an increasing resistance to Meropenem and Imipenem antibiotics in treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae family in our country. Hence, it should be properly and reasonably use these antibiotics.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious and communicable disease, ranking seventh according to DALY, and predicted to remain so by 2020. The present study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology of tuberculosis.Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, records of all patients with TB during 2005-2014 were examined. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and t-student at significance level P<0.05.Results: Out of 114 TB patients, 67.5% were male, 69.3% were infected with pulmonary TB and 6.1% were infected with HIV. Furthermore, the patients were Afghan, 31.6% and 64% of the patients were city dwellers. The highest prevalence of TB (pulmonary and extra-pulmonary) was observed those younger than 40 years old (44.7%). There were no significant differences in types of TB (pulmonary and extra-pulmonary) based on sex, nationality, residing place, age groups and occupations (P>0.05). Meanwhile, a significant difference was observed in terms of exposure to TB cases (P=0.02). No significant differences were observed between patients with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB in terms of mean age at diagnosis of TB (P=0.652), whereas significant differences were observed between the results of all TB cases and those using DOTS (P<0.001).Conclusion: Given the young age of people with TB, it appears necessary that the barriers to treatment and control programs be addressed, measures be taken to screen and train the high risk population in Jahrom in order to achieve the goals of preventing and controlling TB.

Introduction: Culex spp, a prevalent mosquito in many tropical countries, causes filarial fever among human beings. The easiest way to prevent this disease is to eliminate the vector. The present study aimed to compare the effect of the extract of aerial parts of Hyoscyamus niger and Nerium oleander on larva killing.Materials and methods: Aerial parts of the plant were collected and dried. Methanol was used for extraction and the solvent was removed with a rotary evaporator. Mosquito larvae were collected and identified from stagnant water pits and ponds around Birjand, Iran. The larvae were then placed on a plate containing a certain concentration of the extract of oleander or henbane separately, and their mortality rates were recorded and analyzed.Results: H. niger and N. oleander alcoholic extract of aerial parts both had a positive effect on eliminating larvae of the Culex spp., but the flower extract of henbane was the most powerful extract after 72 hours (LC50=0.46 ppm) and the stem extract of henbane was the weakest one (LC50=37.57 ppm).Conclusion: Due to the strong larvicidal effect of the henbane extract in 72 hours compared to other extracts, it is suggested that it be used as an organic pesticide to eliminate Culex spp larvae.

Introduction: Acute exhaustive exercise increases reactive oxygen species, which may decrease antioxidant capacity of the body. Regular exercises and antioxidants consumption can improve antioxidant capacity. The present study aimed to determine the protective effect of pomegranate peel hydroalcoholic extract supplementation on oxidative responses induced by an exhaustive exercise schedule in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight: control group received saline, PPHE200 group received 200 mg/kg pomegranate peel hydroalcoholic extract orally, PPHE250 gorup received 250 mg/kg pomegranate peel hydroalcoholic extract orally, and Vit E group received 5 mg/kg vitamin E orally. After eight weeks of regular exhaustive exercise the activity level of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation was measured.Results: The activity of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and reduced glutathione significantly increased in PPHE200, PPHE250 and vit E groups than in the control (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde level significantly reduced in PPHE200, PPHE250 and vitE groups than in the control (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that pomegranate peel hydroalcoholic extract supplementation may be beneficial in improving antioxidant defense system and in reducing oxidative stress induced by an exhaustive exercise.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with gastritis, stomach cancer, gastric lymphoma and peptic ulcer in human. Thiol peroxidase is encoded by tagD gene and plays a significant role in colonizing H. pylori in the stomach. The product of tagD gene stimulates the immune system in the host. This study aimed to isolate and clone tagD gene in the eukaryotic expression vector PFLAG-CMV-3 as a DNA vaccine candidate.Materials and methods: In this experimental research, tagD gene (537 bp) was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were cloned using cloning commercial kits (Thermo Fisher Co., COUNTRY) in pTZ vector. This gene was subcloned in the eukaryotic expression vector (PFLAG-CMV-3 vector), then transferred into CHO cells by electroporation method and was expressed.Results: The results indicate that amplification and cloning of tagD gene was successful, and the pTZ-tagD vector was formed. PFLAG-CMV-3 vector construction was confirmed by digestion and gene sequencing. The 19 kDa band was observed by gene expression analysis on SDS-PAGE. Conclusions: tagD gene in the PFLAG-CMV-3-tagD recombinant vector has the ability to produce specific protein in CHO cells. Therefore, this gene construct is useful to evaluate the immunogenicity as a DNA vaccine against H. pylori infection in animal models.

Introduction: Based on Janda’s theory of kinetic chain, dysfunction in one motor segment can affect other segments in the body. The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation between low back pain (LBP) and foot overpronation in patients presenting to Hazrat Rasool Hospital. Materials and Methods: In this case control study, 242 subjects were classified into two groups of LBP and healthy. The duration and intensity of LBP, flexibility of trunk, foot overpronation (by Helbing sign and Navicular Drop test) and ankle dorsiflexion range were evaluated. The independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis of the data.Results: A significant correlation between was observed between foot overpronation and LBP (p=0.001). There were significant relationships between LBP intensity and foot overpronation (p=0.001), between the history of LBP and foot overpronation (p=0.001) and also between foot overpronation and ankle dorsiflexion range (p=0.014).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate significant relationships between the incidence, intensity and duration of LBP in patients with foot overpronation. Furthermore, ankle dorsiflexion range was reduced in the subjects with foot overpronation.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate non-anesthetic properties of propofol in skin flap survival in rats.Materials and methods: Thirty-two adult white female rats were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was anesthesized with ketamine (40 mg/kg) and group 2 was anesthesized with propofol (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. A full-thickness piece of skin on the back of rats (2.5×8×8 cm) was incised while the flap base was preserved. The flap was immediately returned and sutured using 5.0 separate sutures to the original location. Apparent healing was daily assessed by measuring the necrotic and healthy areas and the survival rate of the skin flaps was evaluated after photography. Histopathological evaluation was performed by a blinded pathologist on days 1, 4, 7 and 21 in three zones of the flap: up, down and middle. Serum interleukin 1 and 6 were measured before and 12, 24 and 168 hours after creating the flaps.Results: Flap survival rate on day 21, and IL-6 on day 0, 12 hour and day 1 were significantly higher in propofol group than in ketamine group. IL-1 was not significantly different. Histological signs of healing were more prominent in propofol group.Conclusion: It appears that propofol has a more significant effect on skin flap survival in comparison with ketamine, but further and more precise studies are required to confirm this finding.