JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:7

Today diplomatic and political relations between countries in order to strengthen science and technology, are increasing under the concept of science and technology diplomacy. Science and technology diplomacy can be defined as a set of strategies and tactics that are employed in foreign policy of a country, and this system operate scientific and technological achievements to upgrade their capacities and this result to fields of science and technology development and then wealth creation and outreach emerge in a country. An Interdisciplinary framework can have a great effect on science and technology development in the country, therefore, in this research, factors affecting the development of science and technology are identified based on such approach. Thus, after a thematic analysis process, a framework inclusive of 4 global theme including of scientific and technological image of country in the world, diplomatic image of the country in the world, the track two diplomacy and institutional arrangements and 25 basic theme are presented. After that, in the validation phase, through a three-step Fuzzi Delphi process, while the above theme are acknowledged, another basic theme named as "country documents" is added to framework.Eventually, in this research, policy recommendations for realization and strengthening of affecting factors on the development of science and technology diplomacy in the country, is presented.

Stock as the core of the capital market by creating interaction between investors and savers, mobilization and allocation of financial resources is the main determinants of sustained economic growth. With impact of knowledge components on the mobilization of financial resources in the Stock Exchange, this role is more clearly visible, because knowledge as the main resource of innovation and technical changes in the production process causes improvement of the technology, and thus, it causes increasing of productive capacities and productivity of stock's firms. Therefore, knowledge components due to increasing return of stock's firms cause increasing of mobilization of financial resources in stock exchange. The purpose of this study is evaluating of the effect of knowledge components on the mobilization of financial resources in the Iran's stock exchange with quarterly data during the 1998-2014 and using of Ordinary Least Squares. In addition to the knowledge components that include information infrastructure, institutional and economic regimes, the innovations system and education and human resources, stock market development has been considered as one of the determinants of financial resources. The results indicate that each of knowledge components and stock market development, have significant positive impact on the mobilization of financial resources in Iran's stock exchange.

There is a variety of national and international ranking system to assess universities around the world. This research aims to examine similarities and differences between World University Rankings systems and the position of universities in different ranking systems. To examine this issue, top 100 universities of the QS ranking (as one of the famous ranking systems) is extracted and then position of each university in other rankings was investigated. Finally, the Pearson correlation was used to examine relationships. The findings show that there are similarities between the various rankings. The highest relations have been created for result of ARWU (Shanghai) and Webometrics for selected Universities (Rho=0.797). On the other hand, a good relationship has established between ARWU and Times (THE) (Rho=0.723), Scimago (Rho=0.647), Leiden (Rho=0.644).

Internationalization of higher education is one of the issues that attracted the attention of universities and higher education institutions in Iran. They are trying to use the benefits and advantages of this process to develop their scientific capacities through the policies that they adopt. Nowadays, this issue is interested to policy makers in the country's education system from different perspectives. The purpose of this article is to present a model that considers internationalization as a cultural policy. To achieve this goal, a qualitative descriptive-exploratory method has been used. The research population includes international managers of universities and experts in the field of internationalization of higher education in the country. Using a stratified sampling method, thirteen individuals were selected as the participants of the study. The research tool, semi-structured interview and data analysis method were inductive content analysis of the type of analysis of the content. To ensure the validity of the research data, two methods were reviewed by the collaborators in the research and review by professors and higher education professionals. Out of 130 open source extracts from interviews, the findings of this study represent a four-dimensional model whose dimensions are: governance, the international environment, the domestic environment (national culture) and universities and higher education institutions. In each case, there should be good policies adopt.

Given the expansion of privatization in higher education and the emergence of a variety of monetary universities in the country, the necessity of research and identification of the effects of privatization of higher education is felt. The aim of the current study is analysis of scientific papers share in privatization of higher education in Iran, Identification of the effects of privatization and researchers' attainment of strategies and proposals in period if 1991-2016. To achieve this aim, Search the databases updated with the prestigious; 28 articles extraction and then the content analysis method were studied. After extraction, correlation of the important factor of issues was calculated by Shannon entropy and suggested 223 strategies and solutions of the typology was content analysis. Study results showed that, despite the extraordinary expansion of privatization and its importance, the contribution of research and articles to this field is very low and among the positive effects of privatization, the categories of income earning universities, diversification, saving spending and reducing government financial pressure, the quantitative scientific growth and the prevention of centralization, have the highest coefficient of importance and are in the first to third priority. Among the negative effects of privatization too, the categories of unemployed graduates, the reduction of the quality of teacher and student education, the classification of education for the benefit of the upper classes of the society, the quantitative growth privatization, degree orientation and fraud and corruption Educational, structural problems high priority factor and first to third priority.

It is of great importance to create and spread science and technology within the borders of a country to facilitate economic growth. To do so, in recent years, Iranian policy makers and related institutions put their efforts to prepare a suitable environment for science and technology development toward economic growth in all aspects. In spite of these efforts and also clarifying some of the effective factors on science and technology development toward economic growth in 1404 vision document, divergence of the responsible institutions and also, lack of a consensus on these factors, are challenges which face the field. To investigate the factors affecting science development, technology development and economic growth, thorough literature review have done and opinions of 14 experts were applied to rate and model the relationship among the studied fields in Iran using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique in MATLAB software. The results showed that economic-political convergence variable has a key role in the relationship of the three studied fields. In other words, if policy makers draw their attentions to this key variable and have integration, they can handle the whole players of the fields toward development.