Police Management Studies
Year:2008 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

The present research aims at identifying and surveying the reasons and the sources of urban unrests in France (October and November 2005), and surveying control strategies for managing such crisis. The initial source of the unrests was death of two teenagers on 27 October 2005 in a town near Paris called "Clichy-Sous-Bois", In addition, harsh comments made by the then French Minister of state against youngsters, and calling the protesters as rabbles, media coverage of the event, and failure of the crisis management committee to control it, all together) led to acceleration of the unrests spread. Finally, some contextual and reinforcing reasons such as unemployment, subsidy rates reduction, identity crisis, discrimination, violence subculture, migration policies, unsuccessful educational experience on the part of young migrants, not being satisfied with police performance in residential areas where immigrants live, etc, caused the unrests to continue. The research method applied is library and documentary method. The required data pertaining to the field of research was gathered from documents and official statistics of reputable scientific centers either at home or abroad. According to the data analysis made and based on the research hypotheses which have been proved by local and foreign experts concerning the sources of urban unrests in October 2005 in France, the reason for the unrests has been categorized in the category of economic, political and social issues. Afterwards, the data was analyzed, and the relationship between independent variables and unrests in France was considered, and finally all the research hypotheses were approved. The present research employed some approaches-evaluation of superficial, experimental and factorial approaches.

Apart from the nature of police job, a lot of mental pressures have been. Identified which originate from broadness of social and organizational communications in terms of type of the geographical area under their coverage and various clients and addressees. IRI Police (IRIP) personnel compared with other professionals are under more pressure. The most important issue is broadness of the level of their social activities and missions. The second issue is that IRIP personnel tolerate considerable pressure; and their jobs are the centre of the attention of the society. This survey aims at surveying the factors which lead to emergence of stress on the part of SWAT officers while controlling riots in Tehran. The participants under survey were a sample of Tehran SWAT officers (n=200) randomly selected among three ranks: senior officers (6), junior officers (27) and noncommissioned officers (167). The tool used for collecting information was self-made questionnaire with Likert range and the questionnaire validity along with studying resources, test; experts, advisor instructors and advisors' comments; and reliability has been calculated through using Alpha Chronbach's coefficient (a=0.81). Frequency, percentage, mean, SD, X2 test and variance analysis were used to analyze data. The results of the research gives the first priority to physical and emotional damages in terms of stressors and the other priorities are given to ambiguity in dealing with rioters, performance appraisal, life risks, organizational relationship and job position downgrade.

The survey aims at considering the impact of civil oversight on the motivation of Tehran police department personnel. The data was gathered through a questionnaire among 353 personnel of Tehran police departments selected through categorical random sampling in October 2007. One-variable X2 test was used to analyze the data and to test hypotheses. The results indicate that the process for consideration of the public requests in Police Civilian Oversight Office (197), manner of calling respondent by the office, and systematic incentive of the office from the staff who have been admired by public have had great impact on the motivation of Tehran police departments personnel. Other results indicate that the rate of advertisement by "197 Office" has negative impact on the police personnel motivation. The other results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the staff rank and the respondents' rank and their vision regarding the impact of summoning the respondent staff to 197 Office in creating positive job incentive. There is also significant relationship between the respondents' rank and their vision regarding the impact of the way public requests is considered in 197 Office, systematic admiration of the staff appreciated by public, and the advertisement of 197 Office on one hand, and motivating police stations' staff on the other. Based on the result of the survey, it can be recommended that too much advertisement regarding 197 Office should be avoided, because it could lead to reverse impact. Meanwhile, reduction of public trust rate to police may lead to reduction of police staff motivation. Although, police stations' staff believes in 197 Office, in some cases the office, due to not observing some issues and paying too much attention and unilateral reports of the public causes reduction of motivation on the part of police staff.

The present survey has considered police performance in terms of drug combat from Yazd citizens view point in 2006. The survey aims at considering weak and strong points of Societal Security Promotion Plan (SSPP). The research method used in the research has been the applied method and from descriptive viewpoint has used survey method. Participants in the survey were high school principals and teachers of zone 1 of Yazd boys schools in 2006 (N=114). The tool used for gathering information is Likert 5-point questionnaire, which has been prepared after approval of its reliability and validity (a=0.87). The results of the survey indicate that the public has a positive view towards SSPP in terms of combating drugs. In other words, the public are satisfied with the way police has dealt with drugs traders and distributors; however, police performance regarding the way they have dealt with addicts has not assessed satisfactorily. The general conclusion suggests that police performance in terms of implementing the above plan has been assessed positively. The results of the survey recommend continuing the SSPP and providing more facilities to the command involved in the concerned operations. Meanwhile, police forces are highly recommended to deal with addicts more seriously while coordinating with judiciary officials.

With respect to the crimes' high and growing rate, the present survey has aimed at considering the impact of geographical situation, place conditions, and crimes facilitator factors. The objectives of the research is examining the relationship between robbery on one hand, and places, policing forces potential and role of immigrants and the passenger-carrying cars in Karaj, on the other. The main question still to be answered in the research is "what are the factors which affect robbery in Karaj?" The data was gathered through self-made questionnaire (a=0.7434) from 150 police officers of Karaj who had 10 years experience in police force. The results of the research indicate that geographical situation, passenger carrying fleet, immigrants, and police operational weakness in carrying out its mission are effective in occurrence of robbery.

The present survey aims at considering the role of policing measures in preventing and reducing crime occurrence rate in the suburb of Boomehen. Data was gathered through questionnaire and interview from adult residents of Boomehen suburb by using Cochran formula through cluster sampling (n=173). T test was used for analysis of the data. It came out that there was a significant relationship between the quality of policing measures, quality of police facilities and equipment, the way they were utilized, manner of encountering criminals and preventing and reducing the crime rates of in the suburb of Boomehen. Based on the results, there was a significant relationship between Boomehen being near Tehran and spread of certain types of crime in its suburb.

Attracting people's attention and satisfying them has a significant role in police's success. It is through involving people such as neighborhoods' inhabitants, local people, council members, mosques' board of trustees, clergymen, and faculty members, and benefiting from their viewpoints; police departments can become aware of the policing and security problems of the neighborhoods under their supervision; in addition, police can carry out its missions more properly through attracting people's cooperation. The survey has been designed and conducted to identify the barriers and problems ahead of public cooperation with police departments and determining priorities. Therefore, questionnaire was given to 106 respondents using simple random sampling and the data was analyzed through using t test. After prioritizing barriers and problems ahead of it through using Friedman test, it came out that the barriers ahead of public cooperation were as follows: staff training, police departments I resources and facilities, public education, police structure, social culture of people, and police organizational culture.