ADAB PAZHUHI
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:12|Papers Count:7

"She learned from Devil and burned" narrates the urban life. The author by making use of the classical but interesting technique of "Diaries", depicts the heroine of her novel, while paying a special attention to the element of time. By using this technique, she narrates nearly a two year time-span of her protagonist’s life in a way that her homelessness can be deeply felt.The laborious but monotonous life of the protagonist, through focusing on the element of time, seems effective and convincing enough. The theoretical framework adopted in this article is that of Genette for analyzing narratives. This model shows how important the role of time and its interrelated elements are as the focal techniques used in the Modernistic narratives.

“Noocturnal Harmony of Wood Orchestra” by Reza Ghasemi is one of the outstanding contemporary Persian novels. The most important stylistic feature of this work is the employing of "unreliable narrator". The narrator’s mental illness is the origin of ambiguities and thus narrative devices; meanwhile the type of narrator and his manner of narrating has greatly influenced the other elements of the novel. This influence is the first point to be discussed in the present article. The second point to be dealt with, is the demystification of some secrets of the novel through interrelating the narrator with elements that are the sources of ambiguities. This study is an attempt to prove that the reader fails to comprehend the novels like "Nocturnal…" unless s/he will have a sufficient knowledge of the narrator and his manner of narrating.

If we go beyond the surface of Shahname’s stories, we will realize how much these stories are indebted to mythology. The story of Siavash is not an exception. This article, through tracing out the causes for the incombustible nature of Siavash, finds out that in Zoroastrian mythology, Ordibehesht is a symbol for Ahuramazda’s idea of truth, and Fire is the material aspect of Ordibehesht. Meanwhile the essence of charisma is Fire, and Siavash is a charismatic king; therefore it is impossible for the fire to burn the fire.

This article deals firstly with narrative levels, narrative text and their features; and secondly with the correlations between these levels and Halliday’s metafunctions, from the perspective of functional linguistics. These correlations will then be documented in Hasanak Vazir, through examining the linguistic characteristics of the metafunctions. It seems that the metafunctions are active at the two levels of story and text. The ideational function determines the fictive universe at the level of story, and the narrator at the level of text. Textual metafunctions correspond with the sequence and order of events at the level of story, and correlate with temporality, information structure and narrative text coherence at the level of text. In Short these metafunctions show capacities for analyzing the narrative levels and narrative text.

Tazkerat-ol Owliya, the same as many other mystical mémoires, has almost made use of various literary forms. For the very reason it is very difficult to make necessary corrections in it, even if the most original and authorized versions are at hand. The scribes have often been compilers who have rather definitely made distortions and perversions in the books they corrected. This is more probable about the masters like Kharaghani who used their vernacular languages and their disciples recorded their words to the full.This article examines two perversions in Tazkerat-ol Owliya in order to determine the original script by following a group of evidence.

Collective Unconscious is an epoch-making finding of Jung which is universal and can be applied to all nations and tribes. A very important element of collective unconscious is "psychological individuality process" which is manifested, according to Jung, in night dreams, and in various forms directs the individual towards psychological perfection. This process contains the symbolic themes of many myths and legends.Sandbad Name is among those works in which psychological process is manifested vigorously and tells how a prince goes through a process to become a true individual. This book also includes the most remarkable archetypes such as Wise Old Man, Ideal Mother, Shadow, Anima, and Self that play essential roles in the process. The story symbolizes the eternal combat between Good and Evil and ends by the triumph of Good Spirits.

The present article studies a new outlook on metaphor which opposes the traditional outlook. Rejecting the idea that metaphors have an absolutely linguistic and literary nature, this outlook, introduced by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson in their work Metaphors We Live By (1980), believes that people make use of metaphors in their daily lives. This article by giving a report of the "conceptual metaphor theory", deals with the nature, function, and types of conceptual metaphor according to Lakoff and Jhonson.