Iranian Journal of Nursing Research
Year:2019 | Volume:13 | Issue:6 |Papers Count:16

The Effect of Audio Distraction Technique on the Intensity of Pain caused by the Insertion of Dialysis Needles in Hemodialysis Elderly Patients

Introduction: Incivility is a widespread problem in today's health care. Indecisiveness and violent behavior are complicated problems in the nursing profession, which causes significant problems for nurses, patients and health organizations. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of incivility among a group of Nurses. Methods: This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach, using an interpretive phenomenological method. Using purposeful sampling method, 14 participants were selected and shared their experiences regarding incivility at the workplace through individual, in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed based on the Colaizzi approach. Results: The lived experiences of nurses regarding incivility in workplace emerged as “ Indurance in the way of destruction and humiliation” as the main theme. The extracted themes were “ Obvious and latent difficulties of being a nurse” including four subthemes (insulting encounter of the patient and accompanies; non-professional interactions; organizational and professional challenges; social challenges regarding profession). The second theme was extracted as “ multi-dimentional breakdown” including three subthemes (psychosocial and personal instability; negative physical responses, forthcoming professional threats and damages). Conclusions: Incivility behaviors among nurses can affect the quality of services provided by them. Therefore, considering factors that lead to incivility in nursing workplace is necessary.

Introduction: One of the necessities before bone marrow transplantation is determining the level and severity of anxiety and its cause in these patients. In case of severe anxiety, the necessary measures including psychotherapy, training of anxiety control methods and root cause elimination you should include anxiety through awareness raising in the nursing care program. The aim of this study was to determine the pre-transplant anxiety in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 104 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation at the center of bone marrow transplantation in Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 1396. Sampling was done using available sampling method. The research instrument consisted of 3 questionnaires: 1-Demographic information questionnaire 2-The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 3-Anxiety Assessment (VAS). Which were available to all research units on the day of hospitalization in the transplantation section. Results: The results of this study showed that pre-transplantation anxiety in these patients was 1. 6 in average using mean VAS tool. This mean was 7. 7 in women and 4. 9 in men and also in the anxiety before transplantation Using The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) tool, the mean for anxiety was 52. 8 and the hidden anxiety was 49. 50, which was 57. 7 and 56. 1, respectively, for gender, respectively, for anxiety disguised and hidden, respectively, 49 and 52/46. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, pre-transplant anxiety was reported in moderate to severe patients. Nurses' awareness of this issue and their consideration in their care plans will make them more comprehensive in their care and attention to mental dimensions before transplantation is important along with other.

Introduction: Today, with an increase in life expectancy and an increase in middle aged and aging populations, a significant spread of chronic diseases is observed in all countries, and in particular in developing countries, which is one of the chronic diseases that is very effective in people's lives. In one The Osteoporosis Society. Which can only be prevented by early detection and diagnosis of its complications. The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge and preventive behaviors of osteoporosis among middle-aged patients referring to Kermanshah health centers: using a planned behavior pattern. Methods: The present study was descriptive and as a precondition for an interventional study that was done by sampling method on 108 middle-aged patients referred to health centers in Kermanshah in 1396. The data gathering tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire that consists of four main sections (demographic questions, awareness, osteoporosis prevention behaviors and planned pattern of behavior). The data were collected using this tool and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and statistical tests. Results: In this study, 108 middle-aged people in the age group of 30 to 59 years old with a mean age of 39. 4 ± 8. 11 were examined. In general, 54% of participants were male and 46% were female. Between behavioral prevention of osteoporosis with structures, subjective norms (P = 0. 02, r = 0. 22), perceived behavioral control (r = 0. 4, P > 0. 001), behavioral intention (P = 0. 006, r = 0. 27) was statistically significant. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, that individuals did not have proper behavior and function in comparison with the prevention of osteoporosis prevention in spite of having proper knowledge and attitude. This issue needs to be investigated.

Introduction: Many people with generalized anxiety disorder have emotional schemas that are experiencing negative thoughts such as rumination, inhibition, cognitive avoidance of excitement and persistence of anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on behavioral inhibition and cognitive behavioral avoidance in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest design of post-test and control group. The statistical population of this study was all women with generalized anxiety disorder referring to counseling and psychology services centers in district 4 in Tehran during the period of December 2017 to May 2018, which included 32 people with generalized anxiety disorder who referred to the above centers The goal-based sampling method was selected and tested in two groups of 16 people. Data were collected by using behavioral inhibition and cognitive-behavioral avoidance measures questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS v. 22 analysis using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). Results: The results of data analysis showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on behavioral inhibition and cognitive-behavioral avoidance components of women with general anxiety disorder in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: The results of this study clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing behavioral inhibition and cognitive behavioral avoidance in women with generalized anxiety disorder. According to these findings, the use of this inexpensive, simple and practical treatment can provide a basis for promoting psychological well-being, adjustment of excitement and proper function in interpersonal relationships.

Introduction: The world is now in the process of passing on health to non-diseases chronic, like non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is a major cause of changes in the lifestyle of people. This study aims to evaluate the effects of lifestyle on fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: For this critical review, we identified articles by searching original studies and review articles published in peer reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, Magiran and Sid between 2008 and 2018 were eligible for this study. The comprehensive electronic literature search included the use of key words: Non-alcoholic fatty liver, Lifestyle, Metabolic syndrome. Of more than 262 articles found14 were considered to be relevant to the scope of this critical review. Results: Onset and continuation of fatty liver in NAFLD, beyond food and exercise quantity and feature, is seemingly associated also with other aspects of lifestyle. Among them sleep shortage, lower daily frequency of meals and cigarette smoking are associated with fatty liver. Conclusions: Targeting lifestyle modification in people with NAFLD is vitally important, not only due to the high disease prevalence but also since excess liver fat is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and T2DM. Reducing liver fat and its mediators should be beneficial for delaying or preventing the onset of these life-threatening conditions which in turn reduces the burden placed on health services.

Introduction: Pre-hospital emergency personnel are faced with stressful environments such as injured places, unwell patients, etc, which are hard to work with and it effects on their quality of work life. The quality of work life is more important because it is related to the key factor in achieving the goals of the organization, that is, human resources. This research conducted to determine correlation between job stress and quality of work life of emergency pre-hospital personnel in Shiraz. Methods: This study was a descriptive-co-relational study that was performed on pre-hospital emergency department personnel in the road and township of Shiraz city. Data were collected using three standard demographic characteristics, a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire and a Walton Quality of Work Life (QWL) questionnaire. Data was analyzed with SPSS16 software by using descriptive statistics for explain quality of work life and job stress variables and Pearson correlation for determining Correlation between variables. Results: In this study, all 260 personnel who participated in the study completed the project until the end. According to the findings of this study, the median of quality of work life Was 89. 94 ± 13. 8 and the median of job stress was 105. 14 ± 93. 4. Also there was a significant and inverse relationship between the quality of work life index and job stress (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the emergency nurse of Shiraz has a moderate upward job stress and a moderate quality of working life. The lower the job stress, the higher the quality of work life increases.

Introduction: Today, countries are classified according to their ability to produce and apply knowledge. In today's world of advanced knowledge and information, research is needed to develop disciplines that directly or indirectly engage in patient care, as in other academic disciplines, and the development of professional knowledge is essential for the continuous advancement of patient care. The purpose of this study was to compare the students and faculty members' viewpoints on barriers and facilitators of research activities among student in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study on 70 faculty members and 253 students in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Data were collected through demographic form and the researcher-made questionnaire of research activities among student by stratified randomized sampling for students and census method for faculty members. The face and content validity of the Instruments were confirmed by 10 expert faculty members. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of which was obtained coefficient equal to 0. 98. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as t-test, ANOVA and Chi-Square using SPSS software version 20. The results of the tests were considered to be less than 0. 05. Results: Findings showed that most barriers of student research activities related to educational barriers with relative frequency of 90. 4%. According to the results of independent t-test, comparing the viewpoint of faculty members and students in the economic and organizational areas related to student research activities had a significant difference with P= 0. 009 and P < 0. 001 respectively. Conclusions: Considering that the most influential factor in encouraging students to research is the educational barriers, it is important that the attention of managers and educational planners should be promoted in order to improve research activities and advance the goals.

Introduction: Down syndrome is the most prevalent abnormal chromosomal disorder in human and the best known genetic cause of mental retardation which lays the foundations for physical and congenital defects and abnormalities. Abnormal behaviors of children with Down syndrome impair their mother's self-efficacy. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of reality therapy on general self-efficacy in mothers of children with Down syndrome. Methods: In the present clinical trial, which was conducted in the welfare center of Bandar Abbas, Iran in 2016, 40 mothers of children with Down syndrome were randomly assigned to a control and experimental group. The intervention involved holding nine 60-minute training sessions in the experimental group. The patients’ data were collected using demographic questionnaires and the General Self-efficacy Scale (Sherer et al., 1982), and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean pre-intervention self-efficacy score was found to be 55. 1 ± 6. 9 in the experimental group and 56. 2 ± 8. 9 in the controls, while the corresponding post-intervention scores were 60. 4 ± 6. 4 and 57. 2 ± 9. 5. The independent t-test showed no significant differences between the two groups either before (P = 0. 62) or after (P = 0. 22) the intervention. The paired t-test also showed no significant differences in the control group after compared to before the intervention (P = 0. 51), although this difference was significant in the experimental group (P < 0. 01). ANCOVA revealed significant differences in the experimental and control groups after compared to before the intervention (P = 0. 034, Eta = 0. 16). Conclusions: Reality therapy was found to positively affect self-efficacy in mothers of children with Down syndrome. Reality therapy can be used as a proper and effective method in therapeutic and clinical interventions to improve self-efficacy in these women.

Introduction: Following diabetes, there are many physical and psychological problems for people with problems such as family functioning and reduced marital adjustment. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group-based cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness on family function and marital adjustment of couples with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The present study was a semi experimental, pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all couples with type 2 diabetes who referred to health centers in Tehran and the sample included 32 couples who had one of them diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and were in the process of treatment. The subjects were selected during the period from October to March 2017 and assigned to two experimental groups (16 patients) and control (n = 16). The experimental group was subjected to intervention using mind-cognitive-based cognitive therapy for 8 sessions and the data were collected using Family Performance and Marital Compliance Questionnaire. To analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis was used and data were analyzed using SPSS v. 22 statistical software. Results: The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean score of family function components and marital adjustment in the experimental and control groups in the post-test, and cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness increased the total score of family function (P < 0. 05, F = 3. 078) and marital adjustment (P < 0. 05, F = 4. 520) in the experimental group and in the post-test phase. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, psychological interventions such as cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness on family function and marital adjustment of patients with type 2 diabetes have beneficial effects.

Introduction: Perception of disease is effective on behaves, Coping with the disease, Self-regulatory and generally on result of the disease. Health interventions based perception of the disease can be useful in improving the health and well-being of the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on the Leventhal model on on perception of disease in diabetic patients. Methods: This is a clinical trial study performed on diabetic patients referred to diabetes mellitus clinic in Quchan. A total of 80 patients were selected randomly, taking into account entry and exit criteria, and then randomly assigned to two groups of control and intervention. Data were collected from a checklist of demographic data and disease characteristics and the perception of the disease (IPQ-R) questionnaire before and after intervention in both groups. The intervention group during the two sessions was trained based on the Leventhal model. The subjects were evaluated three months after the intervention and the results were analyzed by SPSS 22, T test and chi-square test. Results: The mean of the total perception of the disease in the intervention group before the intervention was 94. 33 ± 12. 91, which was 121. 47 ± 9. 72 after the intervention. In the control group, this level was 93. 65 ± 14. 78 before intervention and after intervention the mean was 93. 05 ± 14. 19 and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, diabetic patients find better understanding of their disease after intervention, and this may lead to better treatment and reduce the complications of diabetes in patients.

Introduction: Health policies and medical approaches have been changed with respect to the spread of chronic diseases. Patient participation in clinical decision-making promotes health indicators and results. Despite, this concept and its operational implementation strategies are unfamiliar in most countries. The aim of this study was to compare the models of patient participation in clinical decision-making, to present executive strategies to improve this process in the country. Methods: A comparative descriptive design was adopted based on the Beredy, method. So, four stages were presented: description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. This study has compared 14 models for patient participation in clinical decision-making in different aspects. Eight clinical experts who participated in the qualitative research have determined the evaluation indicators. Results: In examining the fourteen models in the field of patient shared decision-making, the results indicate that these models are based on the context, the relationship between physician and patient, patient preferences 100%, practitioner's behavior, patient empowerment 64%, beliefs and The patient's values, the existence of different treatment options of 57%, control over decision-making 50%, patient outcome implications 43%, patient characteristics 36% The role of physician in the community and supporting patient decision-making in the society were 21%. Conclusions: Based on this study, effective components of patient participation in decision-making have been extracted. The results of this study will be used to design sheared decision-making model.